1. Risa Gluskin York Mills CI gluskin.ca Using Graphs in Social Science

2. Income Inequality in Canada How to Read a Table and a Graph

3. Relative Income Inequality Percentage Distribution of Total Income of Canadian Families by Quintiles, 1974, 1984, and 1996 Quintile1974 (%)1984 (%)1996 (%) Lowest6.36.1 Second13.112.311.9 Middle18.21817.4 Fourth23.624.124.0 Highest38.839.540.6 Bain, C., Colyer, J., DesRivieres, D., & Dolan, S. (2002). Transitions in Society: The Challenge of Change. Toronto: Oxford University Press. (82)

4. Absolute Income Inequality Average Total Income By Family Type, Select Years, 1976 to 2008 Two-parent families with children Female lone- parent Male lone- parent 197677,40028,00053,300 199678,50029,20046,000 200695,20039,80065,000 200799,30040,80060,300 2008100,20042,30060,400 Adapted from Statistics Canada. (2010). Average total income by family type, select years, 1976 to 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2011 from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/8903/2010001/article/11388/tbl/tbl003- eng.htmhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/8903/2010001/article/11388/tbl/tbl003- eng.htm

5. Women Employed as a Percentage of All Occupations, 1987 and 2009 Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey Statistics Canada. (2012, Feb. 24). Women employed as a percentage of all occupations, 1987 and 2009. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2013 from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503- x/2010001/article/11387/c-g/c-g007-eng.htmhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503- x/2010001/article/11387/c-g/c-g007-eng.htm

6. Globalization Hooks and ‘Ah hah’ Moments, Visual Confirmation of Concepts

7. Distribution of World Income Conference Board of Canada. (2011, Sept.). World income inequality. Retrieved April 12, 2012 from http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/hot-opics/worldInequality.aspxhttp://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/hot-opics/worldInequality.aspx % of total annual world income Poorest, 1 Richest, 42 Other, 57 Poorest Richest Other

8. Income Distribution Nation Master. (N.d.). Economy statistics. Income distribution; richest 10% (most recent) by country. Retrieved April 13, 2012 from www.nationmaster.com www.nationmaster.com Richest 10% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Brazil South Africa Russia Costa Rica US China UK Australia South Korea Canada Norway Japan Sweden Country Percent income earned by richest 10%

9. Demography: Baby Boom, Echo Boom How to Choose the Right Graph to Represent a Concept

10. Canada's Population Growth During the Last 50 Years Statistics Canada. (2009, Sept. 22). Canada’s population growth during the last 50 years. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2013 from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-550/figures/c1-eng.cfmhttp://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-550/figures/c1-eng.cfm

11. Population and Growth Components (1851-2001 Censuses) Period Total Population growth (thousands) BirthsDeathsImmigrationEmigration 1941- 1951 2,1413,1861,214548379 1951- 1956 2,4332,106633783185 1956- 1961 2,1572,362687760278 1966- 1971 1,5531,856766890427 1996- 2001 1,4101,7051,0891,217376 Adapted from Statistics Canada. (2005, Jan. 28). Census of Population.

12. Population Pyramid, 1996 Natural Resources Canada. (2004). The atlas of Canada; population pyramid 1996. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/maps/peopleandsociety/age/age1996/can_graph.g if/image_view http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/maps/peopleandsociety/age/age1996/can_graph.g if/image_view

13. PP 2006 Statistics Canada. (2009). 2006 Census: analysis series – findings. Figure 7: different cohorts among the age pyramid of the Canadian population in 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-551/figures/c7-eng.cfm

14. PPs for 1966 and 2006 Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2007). The future is aging. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/34013.html

15. Proportion of Persons Aged 65 Years and Over Among the G8 Countries in 2006 Statistics Canada. (2009, Sept. 22). Proportion of persons aged 65 years and over among G8 countries in 2006. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2013 from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as- sa/97-551/figures/c4-eng.cfmhttp://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as- sa/97-551/figures/c4-eng.cfm

16. Number of Persons Aged 65 and Over and Number of Children Aged Less Than 15 Years in the Canadian Population 1956-2016 Statistics Canada. (2009, Sept. 22). Number of persons aged 65 and over and number of children aged less than 15 years in The Canadian population 1956-2016. Retrieved Feb. 14, 2013 from http://www12.statcan.ca/census- recensement/2006/as-sa/97-551/figures/c1-eng.cfmhttp://www12.statcan.ca/census- recensement/2006/as-sa/97-551/figures/c1-eng.cfm

17. Fertility and Fecundity Using the Magic Pencil Making a Scattergraph

18. World Population

19. World Fertility Rates

20. Births and Total Fertility Rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008 Statistics Canada. (2011, April 29). Births and total fertility rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008. Retrieved Nov. 29, 2012 from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/84f0210x/2008000/ct006-eng.htmhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/84f0210x/2008000/ct006-eng.htm

21. Age-specific Fertility Rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008 Statistics Canada. (2011, April 29). Births and total fertility rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008. Retrieved Nov. 29, 2012 from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/84f0210x/2008000/ct002-eng.htmhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/84f0210x/2008000/ct002-eng.htm

22. Making Scattergraphs X coordinate Students receive data on fertility rates of almost all countries ranging from lowest (1.2) to highest (8.0), and arranged in six groups. –They randomly choose six countries from each of the six ranges. This gives them a sample of 36 that includes high, medium and low, as well developed and developing countries.

23. Y coordinate Students are given two variables to plot for their 36 countries. Together we make educated guesses about whether we think there will be a positive, negative, or no correlation between the X and Y coordinates, in other words between fertility rates and each proximate determinant. –Per capita national income (GNI PPP per Capita) –Percent of married woman 15-49 using contraception (modern methods) –Percentage of women economically active –Percentage of Females enrolled in Secondary School –Percentage of Women Married in the 15-19 age group –Childbearing under the age of 20 (measured in births per 1000)

24. Graphing They have to make two graphs by hand and fully label them (which I have already modeled for them at the beginning of the chapter when they make a graph for relationship between fertility rates and year of birth of the mother). They only draw their “line of best fit” in class when they meet with the other people who had the same graphs as them.

25. Correlation Not Causation

26. No Correlation

27. Proximate Determinants