1. 205-180: Ptolemy V Epiphanes 223-187: Antiochus III the Great Dan 11:19 – Then he shall turn back toward the fortresses of his own land, but he shall stumble and fall, and shall not be found. 188: Peace of Apameia enforced onerous terms on Antiochus 187: Antiochus murdered trying to rob a temple in Susa to pay reparations

2. 205-180: Ptolemy V Epiphanes 223-187: Antiochus III the Great Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle. 188: Peace of Apameia enforced onerous terms on Antiochus 187: Antiochus murdered trying to rob a temple in Susa to pay reparations

3. 205-180: Ptolemy V Epiphanes 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle.

4. 205-180: Ptolemy V Epiphanes 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle.

5. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle.

6. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle.

7. 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle. Sent Heliodorus to raid the Jerusalem temple to pay war debt 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor

8. 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle. Sent Heliodorus to raid the Jerusalem temple to pay war debt 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple - Raphael

9. 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle. Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple - Raphael 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Later Heliodorus assassinated Seleucus Sent Heliodorus to raid the Jerusalem temple to pay war debt

10. 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Later Heliodorus assassinated Seleucus Sent Heliodorus to raid the Jerusalem temple to pay war debt

11. 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:20 – Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an official for the glory of the kingdom; but within a few days he shall be broken, though not in anger or in battle. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Tobiads and Oniads originate during this period Later Heliodorus assassinated Seleucus Sent Heliodorus to raid the Jerusalem temple to pay war debt

12. 187 – 175: Seleucus IV Philopater Dan 11:21 – In his place shall arise a contemptible person on whom royal majesty had not been conferred; he shall come in without warning and obtain the kingdom through intrigue. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Tobiads and Oniads originate during this period Later Heliodorus assassinated Seleucus Sent Heliodorus to raid the Jerusalem temple to pay war debt

13. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:21 – In his place shall arise a contemptible person on whom royal majesty had not been conferred; he shall come in without warning and obtain the kingdom through intrigue. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor

14. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:21 – In his place shall arise a contemptible person on whom royal majesty had not been conferred; he shall come in without warning and obtain the kingdom through intrigue. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Took control of Syria claiming to rule on behalf of his brother - Demetrius Became the most hated of the foreign rulers of Jerusalem

15. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:22 – Armies shall be utterly swept away and broken before him, and the prince of the covenant as well. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Took control of Syria claiming to rule on behalf of his brother - Demetrius Became the most hated of the foreign rulers of Jerusalem

16. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:22 – Armies shall be utterly swept away and broken before him, and the prince of the covenant as well. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Any resistance to his rule was easily swept away The “prince” probably refers to Onias III, who would eventually be killed

17. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:23 – And after an alliance is made with him, he shall act deceitfully and become strong with a small party. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Any resistance to his rule was easily swept away The “prince” probably refers to Onias III, who would eventually be killed

18. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:23 – And after an alliance is made with him, he shall act deceitfully and become strong with a small party. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Once in control he repudiated his connection to Demetrius He was able to gain control with a relatively small military force

19. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:24 – Without warning he shall come into the richest parts of the province and do what none of his predecessors had ever done, lavishing plunder, spoil, and wealth on them. He shall devise plans against strongholds, but only for a time. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Once in control he repudiated his connection to Demetrius He was able to gain control with a relatively small military force

20. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Antiochus squandered much of Syria’s wealth buying loyalty among Syrian nobility He planned eventually to launch a campaign against Egypt and its king Ptolemy Dan 11:24 – Without warning he shall come into the richest parts of the province and do what none of his predecessors had ever done, lavishing plunder, spoil, and wealth on them. He shall devise plans against strongholds, but only for a time.

21. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor In 174 Antiochus appointed Jason as new high priest in Jerusalem Jason transformed Jerusalem into a Hellenistic city Dan 11:24 – Without warning he shall come into the richest parts of the province and do what none of his predecessors had ever done, lavishing plunder, spoil, and wealth on them. He shall devise plans against strongholds, but only for a time.

23. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor In 174 Antiochus appointed Jason as new high priest in Jerusalem Jason transformed Jerusalem into a Hellenistic city Dan 11:24 – Without warning he shall come into the richest parts of the province and do what none of his predecessors had ever done, lavishing plunder, spoil, and wealth on them. He shall devise plans against strongholds, but only for a time.

24. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:24 – Without warning he shall come into the richest parts of the province and do what none of his predecessors had ever done, lavishing plunder, spoil, and wealth on them. He shall devise plans against strongholds, but only for a time. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor In 171 Antiochus deposed Jason and appointed Menelaus high priest Onias publicly rebuked Menelaus and was executed Oniads appealed for help to Ptolemy

25. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:25 – He shall stir up his power and determination against the king of the south with a great army, and the king of the south shall wage war with a much greater and stronger army. But he shall not succeed, for plots shall be devised against him by those who eat of the royal rations. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor In 171 Antiochus deposed Jason and appointed Menelaus high priest Onias publicly rebuked Menelaus and was executed Oniads appealed for help to Ptolemy

26. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:25 – He shall stir up his power and determination against the king of the south with a great army, and the king of the south shall wage war with a much greater and stronger army. But he shall not succeed, for plots shall be devised against him by those who eat of the royal rations. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy’s venture into south Syria provoked a spectacular military response in 170 Ptolemy was betrayed into Syrian hands by some of his closest advisors

27. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:26 – They shall break him, his army shall be swept away, and many shall fall slain. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy’s venture into south Syria provoked a spectacular military response in 170 Ptolemy was betrayed into Syrian hands by some of his closest advisors

28. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:26 – They shall break him, his army shall be swept away, and many shall fall slain. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy’s army surrendered after his capture and he was reduced to a puppet under Antiochus Alexandria appointed Ptolemy’s younger brother king – Ptolemy VIII

29. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:27 – The two kings, their minds bent on evil, shall sit at one table and exchange lies. But it shall not succeed, for there remains an end at the time appointed. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy’s army surrendered after his capture and he was reduced to a puppet under Antiochus Alexandria appointed Ptolemy’s younger brother king – Ptolemy VIII

30. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:27 – The two kings, their minds bent on evil, shall sit at one table and exchange lies. But it shall not succeed, for there remains an end at the time appointed. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The two negotiated hypocritically to destroy Ptolemy VIII Antiochus left Ptolemy as puppet and returned home to regroup

31. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:28 – He shall return to his land with great wealth, but his heart shall be set against the holy covenant. He shall work his will, and return to his own land. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The two negotiated hypocritically to destroy Ptolemy VIII Antiochus left Ptolemy as puppet and returned home to regroup

32. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:28 – He shall return to his land with great wealth, but his heart shall be set against the holy covenant. He shall work his will, and return to his own land. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Antiochus stopped in Jerusalem to levy a special tax – with help from Menelaus While gone, Ptolemy VIII drove out Ptolemy VI and took all Egypt

33. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:29 – At the time appointed he shall return and come into the south, but this time it shall not be as it was before. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Antiochus stopped in Jerusalem to levy a special tax – with help from Menelaus While gone, Ptolemy VIII drove out Ptolemy VI and took all Egypt

34. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:29 – At the time appointed he shall return and come into the south, but this time it shall not be as it was before. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The challenge to Antiochus’ puppet brought him back in fury in 168 This time, however, the Roman senate intervened to stop Antiochus’ designs

35. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:30 – For ships of Kittim shall come against him, and he shall lose heart and withdraw. He shall be enraged and take action against the holy covenant. He shall turn back and pay heed to those who forsake the holy covenant. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The challenge to Antiochus’ puppet brought him back in fury in 168 This time, however, the Roman senate intervened to stop Antiochus’ designs

36. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:30 – For ships of Kittim shall come against him, and he shall lose heart and withdraw. He shall be enraged and take action against the holy covenant. He shall turn back and pay heed to those who forsake the holy covenant. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor G. Popillius Laenas drew “a line in the sand” He took out his anger and humiliation on Jerusalem Supported by those who forsake the religion of Israel

37. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:30 – For ships of Kittim shall come against him, and he shall lose heart and withdraw. He shall be enraged and take action against the holy covenant. He shall turn back and pay heed to those who forsake the holy covenant. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor G. Popillius Laenas drew “a line in the sand” He took out his anger and humiliation on Jerusalem Supported by those who forsake the religion of Israel The Abuses of Antiochus Tore down houses to build the Acra fortress Changed the name of God to “Zeus Olympas” Ordered Jews to sacrifice swine to Zeus Prohibited Sabbaths, festivals, circumcision Committed “Abomination of Desolation” Plundered the temple treasury Left troops to carry out “reign of terror”

38. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:31 – Forces sent by him shall occupy and profane the temple and fortress. They shall abolish the regular burnt offering and set up the abomination that makes desolate. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor G. Popillius Laenas drew “a line in the sand” He took out his anger and humiliation on Jerusalem Supported by those who forsake the religion of Israel The Abuses of Antiochus Tore down houses to build the Acra fortress Changed the name of God to “Zeus Olympas” Ordered Jews to sacrifice swine to Zeus Prohibited Sabbaths, festivals, circumcision Committed “Abomination of Desolation” Plundered the temple treasury Left troops to carry out “reign of terror”

39. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:31 – Forces sent by him shall occupy and profane the temple and fortress. They shall abolish the regular burnt offering and set up the abomination that makes desolate. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Antiochus sacrificed a pig in the temple (Dec., 168 ) The temple was “shut down” for three years as a result

40. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:32 – He shall seduce with intrigue those who violate the covenant; but the people who are loyal to their God shall stand firm and take action. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Antiochus sacrificed a pig in the temple (Dec., 168) The temple was “shut down” for three years as a result

41. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:32 – He shall seduce with intrigue those who violate the covenant; but the people who are loyal to their God shall stand firm and take action. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The Jewish Hellenists (proto-Sadducees) embraced the pagan worship The Hasidim (proto- Pharisees) heroically opposed Syrian abuses

42. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:33 – The wise among the people shall give understanding to many; for some days, however, they shall fall by sword and flame, and suffer captivity and plunder. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The Jewish Hellenists (proto-Sadducees) embraced the pagan worship The Hasidim (proto- Pharisees) heroically opposed Syrian abuses

43. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:33 – The wise among the people shall give understanding to many; for some days, however, they shall fall by sword and flame, and suffer captivity and plunder. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Faithful teachers continued to lead the people Tens of thousands were martyred for their faithfulness

44. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:34 – When they fall victim, they shall receive a little help, and many shall join them insincerely. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor Faithful teachers continued to lead the people Tens of thousands were martyred for their faithfulness

45. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:34 – When they fall victim, they shall receive a little help, and many shall join them insincerely. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The Maccabean Revolt provided “a little help” Early successes led others to join for less honorable reasons

46. 175 – 164: Antiochus IV Epiphanes Dan 11:35 – Some of the wise shall fall, so that they may be refined, purified, and cleansed, until the time of the end, for there is still an interval until the time appointed. 180 – 145: Ptolemy VI Philometor The Maccabean Revolt provided “a little help” Early successes led others to join for less honorable reasons

47. The Maccabean Revolt 187 – 175: Seleucus IV rules Syria 175 – 164: Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) 168: Antiochus launched vicious attack on Jerusalem 167: Events in Modein (about 20 miles from Jerusalem) Syrians came to demand pagan worship Priest Mattathias kills the Syrians and calls for followers Launch guerrilla-type campaign against Syrian forces

48. The Maccabean Revolt 187 – 175: Seleucus IV rules Syria 175 – 164: Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) 168: Antiochus launched vicious attack on Jerusalem 167: Events in Modein (about 20 miles from Jerusalem) 166: Mattathias dies – Judas continues the campaign 166-165: Wins several surprising victories 165: Took Jerusalem and rededicated the Temple – Dec. 25 Hannukkah celebrates oil that burned 8 days Called feast of lights – or feast of dedication (John 10:22) Daniel describes in Daniel 11:34-35

50. The Maccabean Revolt 187 – 175: Seleucus IV rules Syria 175 – 164: Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) 164 – 162: Civil War in Syria Judas gathers power and momentum in Israel Also makes enemies for his highly conservative rules 162 – 150: Demetrius I Soter Liberal Jews appeal to Demetrius to save from Judas Judas killed in battle of Elasa in 161 Brother Jonathan gathered strength with quiet diplomacy Demetrius assassinated in 150 by Alexander Balas

51. The Maccabean Revolt 187 – 175: Seleucus IV rules Syria 175 – 164: Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) 164 – 162: Civil War in Syria 162 – 150: Demetrius I Soter 150 – 146: Alexander Balas Bogus claim to the throne challenged by Demetrius II Jonathan adroitly courted both sides

52. The Maccabean Revolt 187 – 175: Seleucus IV rules Syria 175 – 164: Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) 164 – 162: Civil War in Syria 162 – 150: Demetrius I Soter 150 – 146: Alexander Balas 146 – 125: Demetrius II Nicator Appointed Jonathan governor and high priest Brother Simon appointed governor of Philistine territory Jonathan died in 142 and Simon negotiated independence Simon established the Hasmonean Dynasty (140 – 63)