1. Catalytic Converter Smoot, Smith, Price, Chemistry A Modern Course, 1990, page 454 NO NO NO N O NO N O N O N O N O N O N O O O N N O O O O N N N N One of the reactions that takes place in the catalytic converter is the decomposition of nitrogen (II) oxide (NO) to nitrogen and oxygen gas. NO

2. O Catalytic Converter C O N O C O O C O N N One of the reactions that takes place in the catalytic converter is the decomposition of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide and nitrogen (II) oxide (NO) to nitrogen gas. C O N N N O O O C O C O 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) N 2 (g) + 2 CO 2 (g) catalyst

3. Enthalpy Diagram H 2 O(g) H 2 O(l) H 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g) -44 kJ Exothermic +44 kJ Endothermic  H = +242 kJ Endothermic  242 kJ Exothermic  286 kJ Endothermic  H = -286 kJ Exothermic Energy H 2 (g) + 1/2O 2 (g)  H 2 O(g) + 242 kJ  H = -242 kJ Kotz, Purcell, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 1991, page 211

4. Hess’s Law Calculate the enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide from its elements. C(g) + 2O(g)  CO 2 (g) Use the following data: 2O(g)  O 2 (g)  H = - 250 kJ C(s)  C(g)  H = +720 kJ CO 2 (g)  C(s) + O 2 (g)  H = +390 kJ Smith, Smoot, Himes, pg 141 2O(g)  O 2 (g)  H = - 250 kJ C(g) + 2O(g)  CO 2 (g)  H = -1360 kJ C(g)  C(s)  H = - 720 kJ C(s) + O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g)  H = - 390 kJ

5. In football, as in Hess's law, only the initial and final conditions matter. A team that gains 10 yards on a pass play but has a five-yard penalty, has the same net gain as the team that gained only 5 yards. initial position of ball final position of ball 10 yard pass 5 yard penalty net 5 yard net gain

6. http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT 27dFields-Jeff/Matter1.htm Conversion Factors Conversions

7. http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT 27dFields-Jeff/Matter1.htm Atoms, Mass, and the Mole Atoms, Mass, and the Mole keykey

8. http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT 27dFields-Jeff/Matter1.htm Mole Pattern