1. University of Minnesota – Duluth Design Presentation 2006 Clean Snowmobile Challenge

2. Design Strategy: To reengineer a snowmobile to maintain or improve performance while decreasing emissions and noise. Design Strategy: To reengineer a snowmobile to maintain or improve performance while decreasing emissions and noise.

3. Catalytic converter to reduce emissions Secondary air supply for further emissions control Chassis noise dampener Utilization of stock components to keep build costs to a minimum Catalytic converter to reduce emissions Secondary air supply for further emissions control Chassis noise dampener Utilization of stock components to keep build costs to a minimum

4. Snowmobile 2006 Polaris FST 750 cc 4-stroke Turbocharged with intercooler 135 hp 2006 Polaris FST 750 cc 4-stroke Turbocharged with intercooler 135 hp

5. Build Goals Dependability Minimal additional build costs Improve current snowmobile durability Dependability Minimal additional build costs Improve current snowmobile durability

6. Cooling Relocated intercooler Additional cooling fan Additional air intake Chassis noise dampener and lengthened snowflap Relocated intercooler Additional cooling fan Additional air intake Chassis noise dampener and lengthened snowflap

7. Emissions 3-way catalyst Reduce emissions 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 2NO → O 2 + N 2 or 2NO 2 → N 2 + 2O 2 HC + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O Secondary air injection Add extra oxygen for reactions 3-way catalyst Reduce emissions 2CO + O 2 → 2CO 2 2NO → O 2 + N 2 or 2NO 2 → N 2 + 2O 2 HC + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O Secondary air injection Add extra oxygen for reactions

8. Emissions Data

11. Exhaust Addition of catalytic converter Lengthened/expanded exhaust system Exhaust temperature control Utilization of stock resonator Addition of catalytic converter Lengthened/expanded exhaust system Exhaust temperature control Utilization of stock resonator

12. Catalytic Converter Small physical footprint Secondary air inlet into oxidation catalyst 2 honeycomb elements Small physical footprint Secondary air inlet into oxidation catalyst 2 honeycomb elements

13. Noise Exhaust noise dampening Rubber chassis noise dampener Sound absorption foam Exhaust noise dampening Rubber chassis noise dampener Sound absorption foam

14. Design Improvements Heated air supply for catalytic converter Variable air injection Modulating chassis noise dampener Heated slide rail design to prevent snow buildup Antilock Braking/Traction Control system Heated air supply for catalytic converter Variable air injection Modulating chassis noise dampener Heated slide rail design to prevent snow buildup Antilock Braking/Traction Control system

15. Questions?