1. DEF 101

2. In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, OEMs, and many trucking fleets committed themselves to a cleaner environment by reducing NOx emissions. To reduce NOx emissions, most new trucks are equipped with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system. The SCR technology requires the use of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF). EPA Emission Requirements:

3. The Challenge Facing Heavy Duty OEMs For 2010: Further Reduction Of Oxides Of Nitrogen (NOx) EPA Emission Requirements: PM (g/hp-hr)

4. What is SCR Technology? SCR is an acronym for Selective Catalytic Reduction. It is a catalyst installed on the exhaust system of a diesel truck. It sprays DEF into the exhaust stream to mix with exhaust gases to convert to nitrogen and water.

5. Exited The On-Road Market OEM Position

6. Less Heat Rejection Higher Engine NOx Levels Less Active Regenerations =++ The Benefit Of SCR Technology * Compared To Same 2007 Engine

7. EPA Standards Are Not Limited To On-Road Applications 2010 On-Road Diesel Engines 2014 Off-Road Equipment 2014 Largest C2 Marine 2015 Locomotives 2016 C3 Ocean Going Vessels 2017 C1 Marine

8. EPA Standards For Off- Road Equipment: 2014 SCR Technology Is Widely Used Today In The Ag Market Why? Fuel Economy Improvement Of 10% Or More Opportunity:

9. What is Diesel Exhaust Fluid? 32.5% High Purity Synthetic Automotive Grade Urea 67.5% Deionized water Meets ISO-22241 Quality Standard Diesel Exhaust Fluid is the mixture of high purity synthetic automotive grade urea and deionized water that is used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems on diesel engines.

10. What is Diesel Exhaust Fluid? DEF is NOT a diesel additive. DEF is injected into the exhaust stream via a controlled dosing module where the water vaporizes leaving ammonia molecules free to travel into the catalytic converter where it reacts and neutralizes the NOx molecules, converting it to nitrogen and water.

11. What Is Urea? Urea Is A Nitrogen Compound With Many Commercial Uses: Fertilizer Animal Feed Supplement Production Of Adhesives And Resins SCR Systems Use A High Quality Urea Currently Used In SCR Systems In The Stationary Power Generation

12. Urea Water += Mixing ?

13. Liquid Fertilizer

14. Formaldehyde-Free, Low Biuret Urea Deionized Water += Mixing ? 32.5% 67.5%

15. DEF

16. The Difference Between Fertilizer And DEF … QUALITY DEF

17. DEF Quality Standards SCR systems are sensitive to potential chemical impurities in the urea solution. Therefore, it is essential to maintain high standards of diesel exhaust fluid quality and ISO standard 22241 is in place to insure fluid quality. DEF is manufactured in accordance to these strict standards giving you the peace of mind you need using it in your SCR System.

18. Warranty Info Product is guaranteed to meet ISO 22241 specifications API Certified

19. ISO Certification ISO Standard 22241 1.Quality Requirements 2.Test Methods 3.Handling, Transportation & Storing 4.Refilling Interface

20. BlueDEF ® Quality Standards Meets ISO Standards 22241 For Purity And Composition Licensed And DEF

21. Diesel Exhaust Fluid Non-Hazardous Non-Toxic Non-Flammable Non-Explosive Classified Minimum Risk For Transportation

22. DEF Characteristics Weighs 9.1 lbs per gallon –Heavier than Petroleum Products –Bulk Load = 5,000 gallons Will freeze below 12° F – not affected by freeze / thaw Crystallization “Creeping” or “Leaching”

23. Between 40° F and 80° F is recommended to maintain shelf life. Above 12° F is recommended to avoid crystallization, which starts at 11° F. Prolonged storage above 86° F will cause hydrolysis to occur, with the consequent formation of ammonia and pressure rise, and will reduce shelf life. DEF Shelf Life – Storage Temperature

24. At 80°F DEF has a shelf life of 1 YEAR! DEF Shelf Life at Constant Temperature 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Months 36 Months 60°F avg. temp 12 Months 80°F avg. temp 3 months 100°F avg. temp 1.5 months 120°F avg. temp

25. 3 Important Factors About Diesel Exhaust Fluid Quality Of DEF Is Critical To Vehicle Performance Informing Market About DEF Purity Is A Must It Needs To Be Stored And Handled Properly To Maintain The Quality

26. Impact Of Impurities In DEF when mixed with tap water or Ag Urea

27. Impact Of Aldehydes, Hard Water, And Insolubles Exhaust Pipe Clogged DEF Injector Clogged Catalyst

28. Will Contaminate 5,000 Gallons Of DEF Just How Important Is Maintaining DEF Purity? One Teaspoon Of Salt …

29. Diesel Exhaust Fluid Handling Product integrity is critical. Stored in chemical equipment, not petroleum equipment. All wetted materials should be DEF compatible materials. –Tanks –Piping –Hoses –Nozzles –Fittings –Seals

30. Diesel Exhaust Fluid Material Compatibility RECOMMENDED Plastics (polyethylene, PVC??) Rubber Stainless Steel (304 & 316) NOT RECOMMENDED Carbon steel Iron Zinc Nickel Aluminum Copper Fiberglass Epoxy Resins Brass

31. += Storage And Handling Carbon Steel Tank With Brass Valves ? DEF

32. Really Expensive Liquid Fertilizer

33. 1 Gallon - 4 Bottles per Case 2.5 Gallon – 1 Bottle Per Case 55 Gallon Drum 275 Gallon Tote 330 Gallon Tote Bulk Product Sizes

34. Some DEF 55 gallon drums are equipped with a plastic EPV valve and down tube. To connect a dispensing system to the drum valve, a drum dispense coupler is required. DEF 55 Gallon Drum

35. Some DEF 275 gallon and 330 gallon totes are equipped with a stainless steel RSV valve and down tube. To connect a dispensing system to the tote valve, a tote dispense coupler is required. DEF Totes

36. Truckload Quantities Railcars Bulk Shipments

37. Maintaining DEF Quality Quality is Assured -Batch Testing with Every Blend Reduction in the Quality of DEF = Damaged SCR System SCR System Replacement = $8,000 to $12,000 Utilizing Proper Equipment Throughout Distribution will – Protect DEF Integrity – Avoid Equipment Failure DEDICATED EQUIPMENT REQUIRED!

38. Crystallization and Creeping Issue: Seals were not designed to contain DEF

39. THANK YOU