3. Ancient Rome 753 BC “Rome is the conqueror of the root conqueror”

5. Geography  Located on Italian Peninsula  Midway between Alps and tip of Italy

6. Governments of Rome  MR. ED Monarchy Republic Empire Decline

7. So what is Rome known for? –-Government/ law –-Architecture –-Christianity

8. Government:  Rome was republic –-Power rests in citizens  o Only males could vote DENIED

9. What is the difference between a republic and a Direct Democracy?

10. Organization of Government:  Consuls (2) – controlled army  Senate – created law and policies  Dictator- only in case of emergency, one ruler with absolute power

13. Social Classes: 1) Patricians  a.Wealthy landowners  b.Most power 2)Plebeians  a.Common farmer, artist, merchant  b.Majority of population  c.Could not hold high government offices i.Created Tribunes or assembly to protect rights

14. Law:  Written Law: 12 Tables

15. Law (12 Tables)-  system of Law, equality under law, rights of the accused ( Codified Laws)  (12 Tables)

16. Military:  All males that own land must serve military

17. Spreading Rome: –Eventually took over whole Italian peninsula –Mediterranean Sea allowed for commercial network to grow  increase influence and power create new enemies –Carthage: African Empire

19. Punic Wars: 264 BC –War started over Carthage attempting to control all of Sicily –Rome fights Empire of Carthage in North Africa –-Hannibal of Carthage –-Roman Triumph  o Complete control of West Mediterranean 

21. End of the Republic Republic had spread all across Mediterranean region –Battle between rich and poor created problems –High taxes had lead to numerous rebellions throughout the republic –They had to be stopped or republic would fall

22. Triumvirate - 3 major leaders of Council will select a dictator  Julius Caesar,  Marcus Licinius Crassus,  Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey)

23. Famous Leader  Julius Caesar- military genius and future dictator of Rome –became a dictator with ABSOLUTE POWER

24. As said in the DARK KNIGHT  Bruce : Exactly. Who elected the Batman?  Harvey : We did. All of us who let scum like Maroni take over our city.  Natasha : But, this is a democracy.  Harvey : When their enemies were at the gates, the Romans would suspend democracy and appoint one man to protect the city. And it wasn’t considered an honor, it was considered a public service.  Rachel : Harvey, the last person the Romans elected to protect the city was named Caesar, and he never gave up his power.

25. Caesar’s power threatened power of Senate  had him assassinate d in 44 BC. Civil war followed

26.  “Die the hero, or live long enough to become the villain”

28. Who will come out on top?

29. 2 nd Triumvirate : Octavian vs Marc Anthony vs Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

30. Beginning of the Roman Empire  Augustus Caesar (Octavian)- 1 st emperor –Pax Romana – “Roman Peace” – 207 years of peace from 27 BC. To 180 ad  o Why did this happen?  Stable government

33. Economy:  Most were tradesman or farmers  90% were farmers

34. Slavery:  Remember the movie Gladiator?  Most were conquered people  Made up one third of empire

35. Eventually Empire becomes too big to manage Emperor Diocletian splits empire in to 2 parts: East and West

40. The Growth of Christianity  Founder: Jesus of Nazareth  Sect of Judaism  Preached salvation for all (not just Hebrews)  Holy Bible = (Torah (old testament) + Teaching of Jesus (new testament)  Follow the 10 commandments

41. Religion: Before Christianity hit Rome they were polytheistic Gods such as Jupiter, Lares

42. Christianity  For years Jew, Pagans, and Christians fought over religion in Rome –-

43. Edict of Milan – 313 ad As Christianity grew, the traditional Pagan Romans and Christians clashed In order to save his empire, Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance

44. –Emperor Constantine declared it an acceptable religion of Roman Empire  o Would eventually become official religion of Rome –-Constantine moves capital to Constantinople (Modern day Turkey)

45. Arguments begin between east and West  At one time there was 3 popes!

46. Decline of the Empire –Over time, soldier became less loyal to Rome and more to commanders  Empire was too big to control and monitor –Government had become corrupt - Food Shortages/ bad harvests -Gap between rich and poor –Western half of Empire falls to Germanic invasions in 476 AD –Eastern half will eventually become Byzantine Empire 

47. Legacy:  Arts- Realistic sculptures

48. Language – Latin

49. Architecture-  Roads “ All ROADS lead to ROME!”

51. Aqueducts

52. Arch

53. The Coliseum

54. The Forum

55. Cement

56. Domes

57. Law (12 Tables)-  system of Law, equality under law, rights of the accused ( Codified Laws)  (12 Tables)

58. Circus Maximus

59. Pantheon

60. So what happened to the Roman Empire?

61. Greece vs. Rome  Column  Direct Democracy (Athens)  Sculptures  Alexander’s Empire  Polytheistic  Astronomy  Pericles  Hellenistic Culture  Astronomy  Math  Arch, Dome, Aqueducts  Representative Democracy (Republic)  Roman Empire  Anatomically correct sculptures  Christianity  12 Tables  Latin

62. In the end, the civilization of ancient Rome is known for several things: the hugeness of the Empire; the success of the well-trained armies; the massive, impressive structures and construction, such as roads, aqueducts, baths, the Forum, and temples; the struggle with and then embracement of Christianity; the spreading of Roman writing, laws, trade practices and ideals and, especially, of Greek ideals to the rest of the known world; the terrible tragedies of slavery and conquest on which the civilization was ultimately based; the dramatic way in which the Empire collapsed, serving as an example for generations afterward