1. The Roman Achievement

2. Virgil

3. Literature, Philosophy, and History
Rome absorbed ideas from Greece
Literature, philosophy, art, and science were the highest cultural achievements
Greek, Roman, and Hellenistic ideas made up the Greco-Roman civilization
Poetry
Virgil tried to show Rome as heroic as Greece in the Aeneid- Aeneas’ escaped from Troy and founded Rome
Attempt to end the Roman Civil War and unify Rome

4. Satire- to make fun of society( like S.N.L.)
Roman historians followed the theme of the rise and fall of Rome
Stoics- stressed the importance of duty and accepting one’s fate

5. Romans took architecture to the extreme
The huge size and cost were examples of Roman power and dignity
Improved the arch and column
Used concrete as a building material
Domes were used to cover large buildings

6. Roman Sculpture of Augustus

7. Roman Art & Architecture
Roman sculptors stressed realism
They later began to reveal an individual’s character – smugness , pride, etc.
Mosaics-picture made from colored stone or glass
Pompeii
The city was destroyed/preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79
Many artifacts and people were “frozen” by the layer of ash and pumice for years

8. Science & Mathematics
The Romans excelled in engineering, which utilizes science and mathematics to develop structures and machines.
Birdlike structures called aqueducts were constructed to carry water from the hills to Roman cities
The Romans built upon the scientific research of the conquered Greek empire. The Greek astronomer-mathematician Ptolemy’s incorrect claim that the earth was the center of the universe stood as truth for 1,500 years

9. New Law Codes
Civil law applied only to Roman citizens. The Law of nations applied to both Roman citizens and non-citizens. It was developed to govern those nations that were being conquered by the Romans. Overtime the two law systems merged to one.
Trials were held for those accused of a crime. The accused had the right to face their accuser in court and had to be proven guilty without any doubt. Punishments were harsher for those of the lower classes.