1. Ancient Civilizations:
Greece & Rome

2. The Geography of Greece

3. Civilizations of Greece during the
Bronze Age
Cycladic Civilization
Minoan Civilization
Mycenaean Civilization

4. Bronze Age Greece
1650 BCE- 700 BCE

5. Homer: The “Heroic Age”
End of the 11th c. BCE
Source of mythological heroes

6. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

7. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

8. Persian Wars:
499 BCE – 480 BCE

9. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
Plato
The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic  philosopher-king

10. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.
Lyceum= secondary school

11. The Acropolis Today

12. The Parthenon

13. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

14. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

15. SPARTA

16. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

17. Alexander the Great

18. Alexander the Great’s Empire

19. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

20. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

21. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

22. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

23. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

24. ANCIENT
ROME

25. The Geography of Rome

26. The History of
Ancient Italy

27. Italy in 750 BCE

28. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion

29. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus
Rome was founded by the demi- god twins who are left out by their uncle. A she wolf finds them and suckles/ cares for them eventually they establish a city with their followers

30. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

31. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
Patricians= aristocratic families

32. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

33. The Roman Forum

34. Rome’s Early Road System

35. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

36. Roman Aqueducts

37. The Roman Colosseum

38. The Colosseum Interior

39. Reform Leaders Military Reformer Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

40. Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey

41. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
The river is notable as Roman law forbade any General to cross the Rubicon southward with a legion. The river marked the boundary between the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul to the north and Italy proper to the south; the law thus protected the republic from internal military threat. A Roman General was thus obliged to disband his army before crossing the Rubicon, otherwise both he and his men were guilty of high treason and sacrilege, and automatically condemned to death. When Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his army in 49 BC, to make his way to Rome, he broke that law and made armed conflict inevitable. Caesar uttered the famous phrase ("the die has been cast").[1] Caesar's decision for swift action forced Pompey, the lawful consul, and a large part of the Senate to flee Rome in fear. Since Caesar was eventually victorious, the punishment due him became a moot issue.

42. The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
Triumvirate= political regime dominated by three powerful individuals

43. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
March 15 (day of full moon)
Day Caesar was killed in the senate by Cassius and Brutus (60 other co conspirators)

44. The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus

45. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

46. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

47. Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE
Roman Peace- long period of peace and minimal military expansion

48. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

49. The Rise of Christianity

50. The Spread of Christianity

51. Imperial Roman Road System

52. The Empire in Crisis: 3c
Where are most of the raids coming from?

53. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

54. Constantine:

55. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

56. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

57. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”
Ruler of the Huns (Hunnic Empire Germany to the Ural River) feared by Romans because they invaded from the north

58. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

59. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

60. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

61. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch