1. Roman History Review

2. The Geography of Rome

3. The Geography of Rome The Big Idea
Rome’s location and government helped it become a major power in the ancient world.
Most of Italy is covered with hills. Italians built their cities on the hills for defense.

4. The Geography of Rome
Two major mountain ranges, the Alps and the Apennines.
The mountains created rugged land that was hard to cross.
Some of Italy’s mountains were volcanic.

5. The Geography of Rome Their eruptions could devastate Roman towns.
First people built cities near rivers for a source of fresh water.
Rome lies on the Tiber River.
Rome had a mild climate that led to a plentiful food supply and the city’s early growth.

6. The Geography of Rome Main Ideas
The geography of Italy made land travel difficult but helped the Romans prosper.
Ancient historians were very interested in Rome’s legendary history.
Once a monarchy, the Romans created a republic.

7. The History of
Ancient Italy

8. Italy in 750 BCE

9. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch

10. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

11. According to legend, the founders of Rome were orphaned twin brothers raised by wolves.
Romulus killed Remus because he mocked one of Romulus’s ideas.
Romulus then built the city and named it Rome after himself.

12. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

13. Republican Government
The Romans created a republic in 509 BC.
In which elected officials ran the city.
They protected against anyone staying in power for too long by limiting terms to one year.

14. Republican Government
During difficult wars, the Romans
chose dictators.
Rulers with almost absolute power.
To lead the city.
They could stay in power only six months.
To avoid abusing their power.

15. Republican Government
One of Rome’s famous dictators was Cincinnatus.
He quickly defeated his enemies.
Returned to farming long before his six-month term was up.

16. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

17. Republican Government
Rome’s government would not
have worked without the participation
of the people.
People participated because
they felt it was their duty to the city.

18. Republican Government
Checks and balances were created
to ensure that no one part of the
government had more power.
Citizens attended assembly meetings.
They also voted.

19. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

20. The Roman Forum Written laws helped keep order in Rome.
The Roman Forum was the heart of Roman society.

21. Rome’s Early Road System

22. Roman road specifications, shown in profile with over 1 yard in thickness (compare to present day 18 inches).

28. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

29. Roman Aqueducts

30. Roman Aqueducts

31. Roman vs. Modern

32. The Roman Colosseum

34. The Colosseum Interior

39. Circus Maximus

40. Circus Maximus

41. Circus Maximus

42. Circus Maximus

43. Carthaginian Empire

44. Carthaginian War Romans declare war on Carthaginians
which starts second Punic War. Hannibal has a lot of hatred toward
Rome and wants to defeat the Romans. Hannibal decided to attack Rome through the
north of Italy
He knew he couldn't invade Rome by sea because
of the great Roman navy. Hannibal decided to go through the Alps.

45. Carthaginian War He took 50,000 foot soldiers,
9,000 horse riding soldiers,
a baggage train to carry supplies
and 37 trained war elephants The Alps had many dangers - Very hostile tribesmen - A lot of ice and snow - Very steep - Very cold

46. Carthaginian War

48. Carthaginian War
It took his army 15 days to cross the Alps. Although the Carthaginians lost many soldiers. Romans were shocked when the
Carthaginians entered Italy. The Romans sent armies to fight Hannibal. They were all killed.

49. Hannibal’s Route

50. Reform Leaders Military Reformer Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

51. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!

52. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

53. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

54. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

55. Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

56. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

57. Imperial Roman Road System

58. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

59. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

60. Constantine:

61. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

62. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

63. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

64. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

65. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

66. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

67. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch