1. Rome

2. The Geography of Rome

3. Geography Livy “Early History of Rome”
“Not without reason did gods and men choose this spot for the site of our city- the hills, the river to bring us produce from the inland regions and sea-borne commerce from abroad, the sea itself, near enough for convenience yet not so near as to bring danger from foreign fleets, our situation in the very heart of Italy- all of these advantages make it of all places in the world the best for a city destined to grow great.”
Why was Rome’s geography so important?

4. The History of
Ancient Italy

5. First Settlers Latins (9th-8th Century B.C.E.) Greeks (750-600 B.C.E.)
1st around Rome
Palatine Hill
Greeks ( B.C.E.)
Colonize southern Italy and Sicily
Greek cultural influence
Etruscans
Native to central and northern Italy
Current day Tuscany
Influence? Article?

6. Roots of Roman Values
Etruscans Influences
Greek Influences

7. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch

8. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

9. Italy in 750 BCE

10. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

11. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

12. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

13. Punic Wars Start of Imperial Expansion First Punic War (264-241 B.C.E)
Started over who controlled Sicily
Ended 20 years later with surrender of important colonies of Sicily and Sardinia to Rome
During truce Carthage built up its forces and invaded Italy
Second Punic War ( B.C.E)
Carthaginian forces led by Hannibal
15 years of destroying Italy
Rome wins
Carthage gives up holdings in Africa and Spain
Determined Roman control and civilization would take over Mediterranean world

14. Hannibal Carthage (Northern Africa) Raised by his father to hate Rome
First settled by Phoenicians
Will fall to Rome
Raised by his father to hate Rome
Takes over military
Tightened Carthage’s control of Spain
Attacks Saguntum in Spain

15. Carthaginian Empire

16. Hannibal’s Route

17. Territorial Problems facing the Roman Republic
Results of the Punic Wars
Territory too big for the Republic to control

18. Economic Problems Increasing gap between the rich and the poor
Rich landowners vs. slaves (1/3 population)
Small farmers (proletariat)
Can’t compete = Sell farms
Result: homeless, jobless
Urban poor grows (1/4 of population)

19. Deaths lead to Civil War Power-hungry generals
Soldiers for hire vs. citizens
“Rape of the Sabine Women”
Page 122

20. The Roman Forum

21. Rome’s Early Road System

22. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

23. Roman Aqueducts

24. The Roman Colosseum

25. The Colosseum Interior

27. Circus Maximus

28. Reform Leaders Military Reformer Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

30. The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar (general)
Marcus Licinius Crassus (rich man)
Gaius Magnus Pompey (general)

31. The Rise of Julius Caesar (100 – 44 B.C.)
59 B.C. Caesar elected Consul
58 – 50 B.C. Julius Caesar conquers Gaul
Pompey and Senate fear Julius Caesar’s popularity & orders Caesar’s army to disband and return home
49 B.C. Julius Caesar marches on Rome & defeats Pompey’s troops
Returns home in 46 B.C. and named “dictator for life” in 44 B.C.

32. Julius Caesar’s Reforms
Granted Roman citizenship to many provincials
Expanded the Senate
Created jobs for the poor
Constructed public buildings
Started colonies for people without land to own property
Increased pay for soldiers

33. The Fate of Julius Caesar
The powerful feared Caesar’s growing power & popularity
March 15, 44 BCE Caesar assassinated by senators
Only surviving relative was adopted son Octavian Caesar

34. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

35. The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus

36. Second Triumvirate Divided empire Antony (general) - East and Egypt
Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew/ adopted son) - Italy and West
Lepidus (politician) – Africa
Octavian encourages Antony to declare war on him and won at the battle of Actium
= Start of Roman Empire!!

37. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

38. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

39. The First Roman Dynasty

40. The Rise of Augustus Caesar (63 B.C. – A.D. 14)
Octavian
Forces Lepidus to retire
Defeated Mark Antony & Cleopatra in Egypt in 31 B.C.
Becomes Augustus “exalted one”
Master of Roman Worlds
(Article and Discuss Packet from Class)

41. The Augustan Age
Sheet from book and Discuss

42. Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

43. Pax Romana Roman Peace 31 BCE- 180 CE Greatest Achievement of Augustus
Syria to Spain, Bristol to Belgrade
Unified, peaceful, one ruler, common law
Literature and Arts Flourished
Trade
Sam Laws
This 200 year period of peace and stability allowed the Roman Empire to achieve new heights in technology, agriculture, science, and the arts. The Roman Empire was a very civilized place during this time, and life was generally comfortable, and good.

44. Roman Culture Borrowed heavily from Greeks Had own native culture Arts
Law
Administration
Practical matters: engineering, sanitation, finance, system of justice
Arts
Latin Language
Literature
Architecture

45. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

46. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch