1. Growth and Expansion of Rome World History A Forest Lake High School Mr. Koch

3. Government Republic – officials chosen by people keep individual from gaining too much power

4. Government Early government based around Senate (life term) – Patricians – landholding upper class – Consuls (2) – supervise govt/command armies (1 term) – Dictator – if necessary, rule very short (6 months) – Plebians – “common folk” (farmers, merchants, etc) – Tribunes – officials elected by plebians – Protect their interests – Gained power over time

5. Military Army comprised of legions of citizen-soldiers Allowed conquered areas to maintain way of life In return: Must acknowledge Roman rule Pay taxes Offer soldiers Some become citizens

6. Punic Wars Series of 3 wars fought with Carthage 1 st – Romans win Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

7. Punic Wars 2 nd – Hannibal marches elephants from north – Rome victorious – take all Carthage, except Africa

8. Punic Wars 3 rd – Rome completely destroys Carthage Rome continues to expand and build its empire – Eventually controls most of Mediterranean region Captured peoples forced to work as slaves

10. Power Struggles Rome begins declining into civil war Julius Caesar – One of many powerful generals – After conquering Gaul, returned to Rome and defeated Pompey Crossing the Rubicon

11. Power Struggles Julius Caesar (cont’d) – Eventually forced senate to name him dictator Senate remains, but powerless – Afraid of his power, he’s assassinated in senate

12. Power Struggles Rome slides back into civil war – renewed power struggles – Octavian eventually emerges – renamed Augustus Set up many lasting reforms Series of good & bad rulers follow him Period of “Pax Romana” (“Roman Peace”)