1. Rome

2. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government
Roman Law (basis for West. Civilization law & govt)
Latin Language
Christianity (facilitates its spread / & the Roman Catholic Church)
Becomes largest empire, most powerful military power, many cultures, many peoples
Dominates Mediterranean trade; great wealth / attractions
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering (Aqueducts, Sewage systems, Dams, The “Roman Road”, Arches)
The “fall” of Rome – 476 C.E. and the eastern Byzantine Empire “carrying” on Roman traditions for the next 1000 years

3. The Geography of Rome

4. The History of
Ancient Italy

5. Italy in 750 BCE

6. The Etruscans’ Influence
Writing
Religion
The Arch

7. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

8. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

9. Roman Government
Patrician – Wealthy aristocrats / held most political power
Plebeians – Common people
Consuls – 2 consuls at a time served as “rulers” or “executives” for Rome (very limited power – one year term, veto power)
The Senate – Aristocratic body that served Rome’s legislative/admin functions members, life term, only patricians
Office of Tribune – Representative body for Plebeians. Power to intervene and VETO
Dictator – When civil/military crises arose, a dictator was appointed. He held absolute power for 6 months. Provided strong leadership during tough times.

10. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
The Tribunes
(Representative body for plebeians) – remember the “veto” power

11. Rome: From Republic to Empire
Many enemies lived just beyond Rome (Etruscans/Gauls)
By 1st and 2nd Centuries BCE, Rome began expanding
Established military colonies
Had generous policy toward conquered people (exempt from tax, govern own affairs, some citizenship – all provided they gave mil. support to Rome)

12. Carthaginian Empire

13. Biggest Rival: Carthage
Major trading power in Mediterranean
Rome’s biggest rival
Rivalry leads to Punic Wars (3 altogether)
BCE
Fought over economic competition in Med. Sea
Rome’s win means they’re the dominant Med. Force – and now an Empire

14. Hannibal’s Route

16. Reform Leaders Military Reformer Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

17. Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey

18. Julius Caesar Sought social reforms in Rome
Won elections into gov’t, became very popular with the poor classes (offered free grain, public spectacles, building projects)
Conquered Gaul, other surrounding regions, as general
Named dictator for life
Gave land to armies and poor, extended Roman citizenship to conquered peoples
Elites thought he was becoming tyrannical, and assassinated him

19. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
Et tu, Brutus?

20. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

21. Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE The “Roman Peace”
Emp. Augustus provided relative stability/peace to Rome
Rome became great facilitator of trade and communication

22. Rome’s Early Road System

23. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

24. Imperial Roman Road System

25. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

26. Roman Law Provides great political stability during Pax Romana
Laws applied evenly throughout empire
Major principles adopted throughout Western Civilization
Innocent until proven guilty
Right to face/challenge accusers in court
Judges can set aside unfair laws

27. The Roman Forum

28. Roman Aqueducts

29. The Roman Coliseum

30. The Coliseum Interior

31. Circus Maximus

32. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

33. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

34. The Rise of Christianity

35. Jesus of Nazareth Jewish teacher from Nazareth, born c. 3 CE
Peaceful, teaching about devotion to God, love for one another
Drew crowds for devotion and performance of miracles – preached “Kingdom of God is at hand”
Seen as a threat to Roman authorities
Executed by crucifixion – rising 3 days later
Account of his life written in the four Gospels of the New Testament

36. Spread/Appeal of Christianity
Early years: Christians persecuted by Romans
Appealed to masses by preaching dignity of all – including low classes and both genders
Promise of eternal life
Grows to become official religion of Roman Emp. by c. 300 CE

37. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

38. The Spread of Christianity

39. Imperial Roman Road System

40. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

41. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

42. Constantine:

43. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

44. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

45. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

46. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

47. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

48. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

49. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Christianity (Roman Catholic Church)
Trade
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering (Aqueducts, Sewage systems, Dams, The “Roman Road”, Arches)
The “fall” of Rome – 476 C.E. and the eastern Byzantine Empire “carrying” on Roman traditions for the next 1000 years