1. College English 10 Walker
The Roman Empire
College English 10
Walker

2. A Brief History
The founding of Rome goes back to the very early days of civilization.
So old, known as 'the eternal city'.
Romans believed that city was founded in 753 BC.
Modern historians believe it was 625 BC.

3. Government
Early Rome governed by kings, but after only seven ruled, Romans took power over own city and ruled themselves
They had a council known as the 'senate' which ruled over them
From this point on note as the 'Roman Republic'.
The word 'Republic' comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica'
meaning 'public matters' or 'matters of state‘

4. A speech in the Roman senate
                         
A speech in the Roman senate
The Senate
Job was to advise the kings
appointed a consul (head guy), who ruled Rome like a king, but only for one year
wise idea, because the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.

5. Four Classes of People NOBLES: called “patricians”
All the real power in Rome lay here
EQUESTRIANS: AKA- 'knights'
means the “riders”
They were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome.
Had to be rich.
PLEBIANS:
They were free people.
They had little say at all.
SLAVES:
Owned by other people.
They had no rights at all.

6. Julius Caesar Facts Rome's most famous citizen
Roman politician and general
conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France
In the year 49 BC crossed the river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator.
His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra. His life was ended as he was infamously murdered in the senate in Rome.
A month of the year is still named after him and his heirs today, July (after Julius Caesar)
Shakespeare wrote a famous play called Julius Caesar about his famous murder (yes- we’ll be reading this!)

7. Map of Ancient Rome
Forum of Julius Caesar
Colosseum
Circus Maximus

8. Colosseum
The Colosseum was begun by Vespasian was finished by Titus in AD 80.
could contain an audience of between 45'000 and 50'000 spectators.

9. The Colosseum: The arena area today – as seen from the second level up over the present main entrance

10. Circus Maximus very ancient origin
Its basic facilities appear to date back as far as 329 BC
Today nothing really remains but the large space, cleared of any modern buildings in the 1930's
once was filled by the massive structure which housed as many as 250'000 spectators.

11. Forum of Julius Caesar
Using his booty from conquests of Gaul, Caesar built the Forum Julium
undoubtedly Caesar's grand reply to Pompey's theatre, and supplied entertainment
begun in 51 BC and completed in 46 BC
Once contained not merely a statue of the goddess Venus, but so too of Julius Caesar and his Egyptian lover Queen Cleopatra.

12. The Census
Every five years, each male Roman citizen had to register in Rome for the census.
he had to declare his family, wife, children, slaves and riches.
Should he fail to do this, his possessions would be confiscated and he would be sold into slavery.
Throughout the entire republican era, registration in the census was the only way that a Roman could ensure that his identity and status as a citizen were recognized.

13. Scribes and Censors
Scribes = responsible to compile the list from the census
Censors = responsible to scrutinize each man, evaluate his riches and his rank and placing him in his rightful place within the civic hierarchy of Rome (four classes).

14. Roman Dress clothes needed to be simple
                      
Stola and Palla
                     
Stola and Palla
                    
The Palla Cloak
                   
Toga
                       
Priest's Toga
clothes needed to be simple
only one type of material: Wool, linen was available at times

15. The Toga
The standard dress worn by Roman citizens was the toga for men and the stola for women.
Basically it was a large blanket, draped over the body, leaving one arm free.
anyone who didn't want to be seen as a slave or a workman in Rome had to be seen in a toga

16. What was the women’s role?
Note this quote from the ancient Cicero:
'Our ancestors, in their wisdom, considered that all women, because of their innate weakness, should be under the control of guardians.‘
Hypothesize the role of women in pairs.
How did their role differ from a man’s?

17. Sources: