1. Aim: Rome’s Republic

2. Citizens of Rome Plebeians Men who farmed, traded, and made things for a living. Most Romans were plebeians Had the right to vote and the responsibility to pay taxes and serve in the army. Could not hold public office Lower social status (couldn’t marry patricians). Patricians Members of Rome’s noble families. Wealthy landowners Owned large farms and had plebeians work on the land for them. Had the right to vote and the responsibility to pay taxes and serve in the army.

3. Governing the Republic They elected representatives, people who acted for them. Not all Roman votes were equal. The more powerful the man was, the greater his vote had. Rome had a tripartite, or three part government. **one group ran the government, another group made the laws, and a third group acted as judges. Government had checks and balances to prevent one group from gaining too much power.

4. Rome’s Republic 500 B.C. Consuls-Officials Two patricians Chosen every year Army commanders Power to veto Ordered arrests proposed new laws Senate Legislative or lawmaking body Oldest and most powerful 300 patrician males Served for life Controlled $ Communicated with other governments Assembly of Centuries Elected consuls and praetors Passed laws Controlled by patricians

5. Rome’s Republic 287 B.C. Dictator-used in emergency situations Consuls-Officials I patrician & 1 plebeian Chosen every year Army commanders Power to veto each other Ordered arrests proposed new laws Senate Legislative or lawmaking body Oldest and most powerful 300 male citizens (both plebeians and patricians) Served for life Controlled $ Communicated with other governments Citizen Assembly Elected consuls and praetors Passed laws Consuls veto consul’s actions All citizensTribunes Elected by citizen assembly Represent plebeians-protect their rights Praetors Interpreted law and acted as judges

6. Reforms made to the Republic Senate became more powerful Proposed laws Held debates Approved building programs Plebeians gained more rights Set up own body of representatives called the Council of the Plebs Elected Tribunes Veto government decisions Could marry patricians Could become councils Males had equal political standing Could pass laws (287 B.C.)

7. Written Laws The plebeians protested because only the patricians knew what the laws were. As a result, the plebeians wrote the twelve tables on bronze tablets and posted them in the city’s forum. In the forum (marketplace), senators met and citizens pleaded their cased before the cases. Innocent until proven guilty, defend themselves against judge.

8. Answers 1.A 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. E 18. B 19. A 20. d 21. B 22. C 23. E 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A