2. The Geography of Rome

4. Italy in 750 BCE

5. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

6. Romulus and Remus Mother was Rhea Silvia-Vestal Virgin Raped by Mars Uncle ordered babies to be drowned “Suckled by wolf’ Raised by Faustulus Romulus killed Remus-and founded Rome in 753 BC

7. Romulus and Remus A nice myth!!! Virgil even said that Romulus was a descendent of Aeneas, a survivor of the Trojan War! Now tell us the real story! Ok, if you insist!

8. Real story!!! Rome founded by Latins living near the Tiber River Good place for defense! They lived in mud huts and were shepherds Not as much fun, but it’s probably the truth.

10. Trusty Etruscan rule 800- 508 B.C. Probably from Lydia Take control of Rome by 600 B.C. They get no respect! Yet much of Roman culture comes from Etruscans

11. Real story cont. Rome became a strong city state dominated by Etruscans (around 600 B.C.) Rich Romans called Patricians (12 families) given local control Rome hated the Etruscans

12. Influence of the Etruscans

13. What do they do for Rome?!?! Founded many cities in Northern Italy Used stone walls and arches Loved to wage war!!! Introduced blood sports Chariot racing (racing is a blood sport) Art (great bronze work, lousy pots) Eastern religion

14. How to get rid of them! Romans Recruit their neighbors and rebel against the Etruscans In 509BCE, Romans expelled the last Etruscan king Tarquin the Proud

16. The Republic Romans hated the idea of a king, established a government of the patricians Lower classes had almost no power (plebeians) Changes somewhat over time (government chart) Class struggle between rich and poor a constant in Rome Slaves had no power

17. Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

18. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE § Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

19. Roman Army Legion 5,000 to 6,000 men – –Two Legions made an army Until 390 B.C. only patricians served in the army Plebians served as Legionnaires

20. The Centurion Was a rank of an officer who controlled 100-200 men Became a strong political force in late Republic

21. Tactics Dropped phalanx for “maniple” Each maniple made of two centuries Caused problems for phalanx

22. Roman Army Cont.

23. Weapons Javelin/plate armor/heavy pack Short Swords Wing archers/slingers Catapults Earth ramps, wheeled towers

24. Roman Army Cont

25. Military Life Like Sparta, Romans started early (age 10) Key to Roman Army was discipline – –Cowardice: flogging to death – –Thievary: Right hand cut off – –Deviation from orders... Beheading

26. Camp Life (No Boy Scout camp) Simple food: Bread, porridge, vegetables, sour wine Caesor’s troops rioted when they had to eat meat No pay until 390 B.C. Most money came from “Booty”

27. Glory in Victory Roman triumphs

28. Rome’s Early Road System

29. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

30. Still in use today

31. Carthaginian Empire

32. Hannibal’s Route

33. First Punic War

34. Second Punic War

35. Third Punic War

36. Reform Leaders § Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Both killed/suicide Military Reformer § Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army.

37. Civil War & Dictators § Gaius Sulla Marched on Rome 2X. Reestablished the Old Ways of the Republic. Abolished the power of the Tribunes Defeated Marius with help from Pompey and Crassus. Spared Julius Caesar

38. The First Triumvirate § Julius Caesar § Marcus Licinius Crassus § Gaius Magnus Pompey

39. PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

40. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

41. Hey Big Boy, Welcome to Egypt

42. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

43. The Second Triumvirate § Octavian Augustus § Marc Antony § Marcus Lepidus

44. Hey Big Boy, Welcome to Egypt

47. Roman Aqueducts

48. The Roman Colosseum

49. The Colosseum Interior

50. Circus Maximus

51. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

52. The First Roman Dynasty

53. Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE

54. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

55. The Rise of Christianity

56. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

57. The Spread of Christianity

58. Imperial Roman Road System

59. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

60. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

61. Constantine: 312 - 337

62. Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

63. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

64. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

65. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

66. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

67. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

68. The Legacy of Rome § Republic Government § Roman Law § Latin Language § Roman Catholic Church § City Planning § Romanesque Architectural Style § Roman Engineering Aqueducts Aqueducts Sewage systems Sewage systems Roads Roads Concrete Concrete Arch Arch