1. Ancient Rome spreads its power

2. What happened when the king’s left? ____________________ run government Plebeians not allowed in gov…although they were the majority

3. What did the plebeians do in response? ________________________________- ___________________…patricians need the army…patricians are forced to give plebeians power.

4. What specifically did they do? Created the _______________...a set of posted, written laws…no one could change what they said…made __________________

5. Rome’s Balanced Government… please note balance scale of government in background For the best government Rome mixed monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy What’s a democratic republic?

6. Office of the Consul - ____________ There were _________________ Directed army and government But his power was limited by 2 laws 1.____________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 2._________the other’s decisions

7. ___________- ______________ __________appointments – 100 of them at 1 st Provided ______________and continuity Plebeians eventually were allowed to be senators

8. ________________________ Citizen soldiers were allowed to participate Gained the ____________________…became powerful

9. ________– in a league all their own In times of great need, Rome would give their leadership to dictators Dictators had complete control over Rome __________________________________ Were chosen by the consuls and approved by the senate (balance of powers)

10. Cincinnatus – The best dictator a civilization could ask for He literally dropped his plow to become dictator He turned Rome around in 15 days He gave up the dictator position once he fixed Rome What is gravitas? How did he either show it or not?

11. Cincinnatus in Cincinnati

12. Rome Expands Rome was taking over Latin and Etruscan areas As Rome expanded further, they started to also take over the Greek colonies

13. Rome gets BIGGER Rome extended citizenship to close territories…those on the “frontier” were made “_________________” (non-Latins) The alternative to not accepting Roman citizenship and rule was certain death and destruction Each conquered area became part of Rome – ____________________________________________, rather than being just Rome’s subjects

14. Carthage The “other” Mediterranean City

15. Two big cities in one little Sea – After the fall of Athens, there were two cities that rose to prominence: Rome (we know about it already) ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

16. Carthage’s Personal Add In 262 B.C., Carthage was _______________ _________, about 250,000 people lived there. They had a powerful navy of about 500 ships. Incredibly _________! Basically, very powerful due to the ability to pay ________________to fight in their army.

17. Rome, on the other hand Very small navy Huge empire could provide a very large army (500,000 soldiers!) – _______________________________________________ – Majored in fighting! Very lucky – Captured a Carthaginian ship, and photocopied it 140 times _____________________________________________________

18. The Wars 1 st Punic War – Lasted _______________________ – Carthage’s fleet was destroyed in 241 B.C. – _________________________________________ 2 nd Punic War – 218 B.C. – Here is where Hannibal comes in

19. Hannibal – What should we know? __________ __________ __________ _____(came through the Alps) Rome sent three armies to stop the invaders, but they were all crushed.

20. Hannibal in a nut shell – Hannibal did not attack Rome directly – Lived off country side, _________________________________ _________________________________ – Hoped Rome’s allies would get unhappy with the way the Romans were handling the situation and join him – Waited for _________________________________ _________________________________

21. Finally a ___________________________________________ Hannibal rushed back to Carthage, where he was _________ in the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. – Scipio becomes known as Scipio Africanus in honor of his victory.

22. The 3 rd Punic War 149 B.C to 146 B.C. Fought for no other reason then Rome was jealous that Carthage even existed. – ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Made an excuse to attack Carthage – Scipio Africanus destroyed the city