1. Unit 4: Rome

2. http://coursedocs.slcc.edu/huma/1100/roman%20empire.jpg

3. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”  When : 387 A.D.  Story behind It : When St. Augustine arrived in Milan, he observed that the Church did not fast on Saturday as did the Church at Rome. He consulted St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan, who replied: "When I am at Rome, I fast on a Saturday; when I am at Milan, I do not. Follow the custom of the Church where you are.”  The comment was changed to "When they are at Rome, they do there as they see done" by Robert Burton in his Anatomy of Melancholy.  Eventually it became "When in Rome, do as the Romans do."

4. Geography  Built on the 7 rolling hills  Located near the center of the Italian peninsula  Peninsula is located in the Mediterranean Sea  Ideal location for trade  Area had very good soil

5. Italy

6. Rome

7.  Few natural barriers  Helped unite the people  The Apennine mountains run down the center of the peninsula and the Alps are located to the north  Neither mountain range prevented invasion or migration

9. First Inhabitants of Rome  Rome was founded circa 750 BC on seven hills overlooking the Tiber River  Legend states that Rome was founded by the twins Romulus and Remus

10.  The people that originally occupied the area were the Etruscans  Flourished from 900 BC- 509 BC  Driven out by the Latins

11. Rise of the Roman Republic  509 BC -27 BC  The Romans established a new form of government called a Republic  Officials are chosen by the people (Roman Citizens)  Roman government under the republic can be seen as combining monarchial, aristocratic, and democratic types of government

13. Two Major Social Classes Patricians  Land owning upper class  Able to hold political office  Able to become senator, judge, consul Plebeians  Farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders  Majority of the population but possessed little power  Able to vote, but not hold office

14. Social Classes Roman Citizens Able to vote Required to pay taxes Unable to marry outside class

15. Roman Republic

16. Senate  Aristocratic portion  Most powerful governing body in Rome  300 members chosen from the upper class  (only much later would plebeians be represented)  Influenced foreign and domestic policies

17. Tribunes  Democratic portion  Plebeian formed assemblies run by all plebeians  Protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wp content.answers.com/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/G aius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpg/450px- Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpg&imgref url=http://www.answers.com/topic/comitia&usg=_ _U-nDq1- DupdYZAGn1nWu01Lb9YA=&h=285&w=450&sz =55&hl=en&start=4&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=pk0sPl NwwTcZNM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=127&prev=/images %3Fq%3Droman%2Btribune%2Bplebeian%2Bgoven ment%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

18. Consuls  Monarchial portion  Elected by the senate, 2 in total  One looked after the business of government while the other commanded the armies  Had 1 year terms and were not eligible for reelection for 10 years

19. Dictator  Appointed by Consuls  Elected by senate  Assumed position during times of emergency only  Was only allowed to serve for 6 months

20. Twelve Tables (451 BC)  Became the basis for Roman Law  Established the ideas that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law

21. Punic Wars Series of 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage 1 st Punic War (264 BC- 241 BC) Romans defeat Carthage Gain control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean 2 nd Punic War (218 BC- 202 BC) Carthage general Hannibal takes large army through Spain, across France, and through the Alps Hannibal dominates until Romans attack Carthage, and force Hannibal to return home Rome wins 3 rd Punic War (149 BC- 146 BC) Romans laid siege to Carthage Fields of Carthage are salted = inability to grow crops = forced servitude to Rome

22. Hannibal’s Attack

23. RISE and fall of the Roman Republic  By 246 BC Rome had conquered all of Italy and the following surrounding areas;  Carthage  Macedonia  Greece  Egypt  And areas of Asia Minor  Rome has taken over many areas of the empire of Alexander the Great

24. Reasons for Rome’s success  Very powerful military- the Roman legions  Strong and efficient government  Proper treatment of conquered people

25. Fall of the Republic  The major expansion created a large economic gap between the rich and poor.  It also led to government corruption  Several attempts of reform led to civil war

26. The First Triumvirate  Powerful military leaders and officials established power during the civil wars  The First Triumvirate consisted of  Julius Caesar  Pompey  Crassus  Julius Caesar was the most charismatic and came to power in 48 BC

27. Julius Caesar  Made several new conquests of other areas around the Mediterranean Sea  Reforms  Public works to provide jobs for the unemployed  Granted citizenship to people in the properties  Increased pay for soldiers  On March 15, th 44BC Julius Caesar was assassinated  This day is referred to as the Ides of March

29.  Led to the rise of the Roman Empire