1. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17 Celebrate Freedom Activity Finish Video- I will do the Notebook Check at this time Christianity Worksheet Notes Homework- Rome 4,5,6

2. The Fall of Rome
The Long Decline

3. Pax Romana
Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman peace") was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Since it was established by Caesar Augustus it is sometimes called Pax Augusta. Its span was about 207 years (27 BC to 180 AD). Pax Romana Handout

4. Fall of Rome Causes of the Fall of Rome p. 149-150
Many factors led to the fragmentation of Western Europe and the rise of feudalism including the disruption of trade which led to the collapse of businesses, the destruction of economic centers, and scarcity of money as a result of invasions, the downfall of cities as centers of administration, a shift to a rural population as Roman citizens abandoned the destroyed cities, a decline of learning since Germanic invaders could not read or write, the loss Latin as a common language , a change in the concept of government from one of loyalty to public government, and written law shifted to governance through unwritten laws and traditions.
Causes of the Fall of Rome p

5. The Decline and Fall of Rome
Economic Causes
Social Causes
Political Causes
Military Causes
1. Germanic invasions 2. Weakened Roman legions
1. Oppressive government
& Corrupt
officials 2.
Divided empire which weakened 1.
Heavy taxes 2.
Population decline

6. Roman Chaos
After the death of the Emperor Marcuse Aurelius in 180, the golden age of the Pax Romana ended, and for the next 100 years Rome was in chaos

7. Several Emperors
In one 50 year period, at least 26 emperors reigned, by seizing power with support of troops, only to rule for several months or a year.

8. Roman Decline
Political violence and instability, rather than order and efficiency thus became the rule
High taxes to support the army and the bureaucracy placed heavy burdens on business people and small farmers
Farmland that had been over cultivated for too many years lost its productivity

9. Diocletian
In 284, the emperor Diocletian set out to restore order, by dividing the empire into two parts
Western Empire & Eastern Empire
Diocletian attempted to increase the prestige of the emperor again by surrounding himself with elaborate ceremonies, wearing jewels and purple robes, and made people bow down to him
Diocletian also took steps to end the empire’s economic decay, by slowing inflation
He fixed prices on goods.

10. Constantine
Emperor Constantine takes power in the year 312 AD. He took two steps that changed the course of European History
Step 1 – Granted tolerance to Christians
Step 2 – Built new Capital (Constantinople)

11. Impact of the Huns
Wars in Central Asia & famine caused the Huns to migrate across Central Asia
By 350 AD, the Huns reached eastern Europe, & forced the Germanic tribes south to Roman lands seeking safety
Under attack, the Roman empire surrendered first Britain, then France & Spain.

12. Rome Defeated
In 378 AD, when the Roman army tried to turn back the Visigoths at Adrianople, it suffered a stunning defeat and Roman power was fading
In 410 AD, the Visigoth general Alaric overran Italy and plundered Rome
Starting in 434, the Hun leader Attila embarked on a savage campaign a of conquest across Europe

13. Rome Defeated
Christians referred to it as the “scourge of God” for the punish of sins
Attilla’s invasion forced Germanic Tribes south again into Roman Empire
In 476 AD Odoacer destroyed Rome and exiled the Last Emperor of Rome

14. Collapse of Rome and Han China
Factors for both: corrupt governments in both empires, infighting among political elites, empires too large in areas to manage, invasions from hostile nomadic tribes, social inequality among the classes with tax burdens on lower classes, inequitable distribution of lands, decline in morals and values, public health and urban decay, and unemployment and inflation

15. Golden Age of the Han
Significant cultural achieveme nts during the Han Dynasty:
Acupuncture
Paper
Ship rudder
Fishing reels
Wheel barrows
Fall of the Han: by 220 CE the empire grew weak. Later emperors were incompetent, and their reigns were marked by corruption, immorality, and apathy. Some Confucian scholars declared that the Han Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven. China was DIVIDED for nearly 400 YEARS(220 AD to 618 AD).
History will repeat itself, within 300 years the great Roman Empire will crumble because of the same reasons.

16. Collapse of Rome and Han China
Factors for both:
corrupt governments in both empires
infighting among political elites
empires too large in areas to manage
invasions from hostile nomadic tribes
social inequality among the classes with tax burdens on lower classes
inequitable distribution of lands
decline in morals and values
public health and urban decay
unemployment and inflation

17. Shi Huangdi – cracked down on Confucians to increase his power
Persian provinces were administered by hereditary provincial governors (satraps)
Shi Huangdi – cracked down on Confucians to increase his power
Gupta impact of mathamatics
Developed the Arabic number
Concept of zero
Fall of the Han Dynasty
High taxes
Political corruption
Foreign invasion
Athenian democracy limited to only male Athenian citizens of legal voting age

18. Parthenon Aqueduct Pantheon Roman Forum Roman Colosseum
Romulus and Remus
Parthenon
Aqueduct
Pantheon
Roman Forum
Roman Colosseum