2. 1. Ratify - To Approve 2. Impeach - bring to trial for misconduct Chapter 16 Vocabulary 3. Carpetbagger - Northerner who worked in the South for Reconstruction 4. Freedmen - Freed Slaves 5. Reconstruction - Period of rebuilding 6. Compulsory - Required 7. Republican - Radical movement in Congress

3. 9. Black Codes - Laws that limited the rights of African Americans 10. Amendment - Changes made to the Constitution 8. Scalawag - A southerner who supported Federal Reconstruction

4. Chapter 16 -1 I.Reconstruction The Rebuilding of the South A. Reconstruction is the period after the end of the Civil War during which Southern states were brought back into the Union. B. Much of the South lay in ruins, though Texas had been largely spared from the distruction. C. African Americans were free, but many were without food or shelter, and the differences between North and South remained.

5. D. The Southern Economy was destroyed II. Juneteenth A. On June 19, 1865, two years after the Emancipation Proclamation (which freed the slaves) was issued, General Gordon Granger landed in Galveston and announced that all slaves were free. B. The day African Americans received freedom was called Juneteenth, and it became a day of great celebration. It is a Texas Holiday

6. III. Two Presidential Plans A. Lincoln had wanted a moderate policy of Reconstruction. Republicans did not like this plan B. Andrew Johnson set up a provisional government in each Southern state and appointed officers until the state was readmitted to the Union. C. To be readmitted to the Union, each Southern state had to 1.) abolish slavery and 2.) nullify its ordinance of secession. D. To regain their right to vote, Southern 3.) citizens had to take an oath of allegiance to the United States.

7. IV. Governor Hamilton Works to Restore Statehood (page 368) Appointed A. Andrew J. Hamilton, who had been against secession, was named provisional governor of Texas in June 1865. B. Hamilton sympathized with the people of Texas, and many pledged cooperation, but others were openly hostile to him.

8. V. The Freedmen’s Bureau Assists Freed Texans A. It operated for five years, helping find jobs for freed Texans and issuing food and clothing to the sick, aged, and poor. It established the first public schools, assisted in legal aid for Freedmen B. Many white Texans accused agents of meddling in local matters, wasting taxpayers’ money, and strengthening the Republican Party. VI. Texas Reconstruction under Johnson’s MODERATE PLAN A. Governor Hamilton appointed hundreds of state and local officers.

9. B. By November many white males had taken the oath of allegiance. C. Many of the delegates who met in Austin to write the new state constitution had supported the Confederacy. D. There were no African American delegates. E. The new constitution stated that 1. secession was illegal, 2. abolished slavery, and 3. canceled the state war debts. F. The constitution gave certain legal rights to African Americans, but did not give them the right to vote.

10. SECTION 1 QUIZCHAPTER 16 1. issued a proclamation declaring that all A. Abraham Lincoln enslaved Texans were free 2. occupied Austin with the Union cavalry B. Andrew Johnson 3. modeled his reconstruction plan after Lincoln’s C. George A. Custer 4. believed Confederate states were never legally out of the Union d. Gordon Granger 5. opposed to secession; later became provisional governor of Texas E. Andrew J. Hamilton 6. Many of those who criticized President Lincoln for his moderate policy on Reconstruction were A. secessionists. C. Democrats. B. Republicans. D. Whigs.

11. 9. Anglo Texans accused the Freedmen’s Bureau of all of the following EXCEPT A. wasting taxpayers’ money. C. strengthening the Republican Party. B. meddling in matters local D. not helping the needy. officials could handle. 10. The day enslaved Texans celebrated their freedom was called A. Juneteenth. C. Reconstruction Day. B. Independence Day. D. Proclamation Day. 8. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped former slaves in all of these ways EXCEPT A. finding them jobs. C. defending their rights in court. B. providing food and clothing. D. loaning them money. 7. To be readmitted to the Union, each Confederate state had to do all of the following EXCEPT A. abolish slavery. C. repeal its ordinance of secession. B. give freedmen the D. sign an oath of allegiance to the U.S. right to vote.

12. Chapter 16-2 PROBLEMS WITH RECONSTRUCTION I.Texas Elects Ex-Confederates to Office A.Southerners elected many Confederate officials and soldiers to top positions in state government and to the United States Congress. Throckmorton is elected Governor {ex-confederate general} B. The Texas legislatures refused to ratify the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. C. Southern states also restricted the rights of African Americans with “black codes.” They were not allowed to vote, testify against whites, or serve on juries.

13. II. Radical Republicans (of the North) Take Charge A. Radical Republicans pushed a plan to set stricter standards for readmitting Southern states to the Union and that would protect the freedom of African Americans in the South. B. In the 1866 congressional elections, Radical Republicans gained control of Congress and now had the power to override a presidential veto. C. President Johnson fought against the Radical program and was charged with misconduct in office. He missed being impeached by one vote.

14. III. New (RADICAL) Requirements for Statehood A.Until states met certain requirements, including adoption of new constitutions giving African American men the right to vote, military rule (MARTIAL LAW) would continue. B. States also had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment (granted citizenship to slaves) Texas and some other states were required to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment (granted voting rights to African Americans) C. States had to repeal the black codes. D. All white males had to take the “Iron Clad” oath

15. E. Throckmorton was removed as Governor IV. Southerners Oppose Reconstruction A. Most African Americans were pleased at the plan for Reconstruction, but most former Confederates and secessionists thought it too harsh. B. Southern white supporters of Reconstruction were called scalawags. Northerners who often came to the South for political and economic gain during this period were called carpetbaggers. C. In Texas and other Southern states, organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan used violence and threats to prevent African Americans from voting.

16. V. A New Constitution and Elections A. In November 1869 Texans who qualified to vote approved a new constitution and elected a governor and other state officials. B. The constitution provided that no one should be excluded from voting because of race or color. C. It provided more support for public education, and protected public lands. VI. A Republican Governor A. Critics complained that Edmund J. Davis and the Republicans used their power to restrict the political activities of their opponents.

17. B. Davis was unpopular, but he and the Republicans started some good projects. VII. A Democratic Challenge A. Some Democrats used threats and violence to keep African Americans from voting. B. In 1873 Richard Coke (Democrat) was elected governor because the US Congress declared the “Iron Clad Oath” unconstitutional. VIII. Reconstruction Ends A. Disagreement arose over when the new Coke should take office.

18. B. The Texas Supreme Court favored the Republicans, declaring the election unconstitutional. C. On January 15, 1874, Coke was sworn in as governor.

19. Chapter 16 Vocabulary Quiz 1.RatifyA. Period of rebuilding 2. ImpeachB. Required 3. CarpetbaggerC. A southerner who supported Federal Reconstruction 4.FreedmenD. Freed Slaves 5. ReconstructionE. Changes made to the Constitution 6. CompulsoryF. Laws that limited the rights of African Americans 7.RepublicanG. To Approve 8.ScalawagH. Radical movement in Congress 9. Black CodesI. Northerner who worked in the South for Reconstruction 10. AmendmentJ. bring to trial for misconduct