1. Events leading to Civil War
Sectionalism
Events leading to Civil War

2. Review
Division into North and South
Economic
Political
Cultural?

3. End of slave trade (1808)
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Nullification crisis ( )
Rise of abolitionism (1830s)
Mexican-American War ( )

4. Issues in war Northern opposition Southern support War of conquest
Spread of slavery
Southern support
Manifest destiny
Counter Northern growth

5. Officers Winfield Scott Robert E. Lee „Stonewall” Jackson
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade

6. Free Soil Party 1848-1852 Opposed expansion of slavery, not abolition
Slavery viewed as inefficient

7. Compromise of 1850 Admission of California New territiories organized
Slave trade in DC abolished
Fugitive Slave Act

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)
International bestseller
"So this is the little lady who made this big war."

9. Bleeding Kansas (1854) Kansas-Nebraska Act
Local determination on slavery
200 people killed
Appearance of John Brown

10. Civil War

11. Dred Scott
Lincoln vs. Douglas debates
John Brown’s raid
Causes of the war
Lincoln’s election

12. Dred Scott Missouri Compromise Fugitive Slave Law
1830: moves to Illinois
1842: returns to St. L.
1846: sues for freedom
1857: Supreme Court

13. Scott v. Sandford Lived in free state Precedent in 1836 Property
States could not overrule other states

14. Ruling Not a citizen (states don’t give citizenship)
5th Amendment (right to property)
Missouri Compromise unconstitutional (2nd time court overruled Congress)

15. Scott v. Sandford
"regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights that the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his own benefit."

16. Lincoln - Douglas

17. Lincoln - Douglas Election for Senate (1858) Illinois 7 debates
Topic: slavery
Forerunner of modern debates

18. Lincoln – Douglas (1858) Republican Opposed K-N Act Opposed Dred Scott
Claimed Douglas creating fear of amalgamation
Democrat
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Supported Dred Scott
Claimed Lincoln an abolitionist

19. Douglas
I ask you, are you in favor of conferring upon the negro the rights and privileges of citizenship? ("No, no.") Do you desire to strike out of our State Constitution that clause which keeps slaves and free negroes out of the State, and allow the free negroes to flow in, ("never,") and cover your prairies with black settlements? Do you desire to turn this beautiful State into a free negro colony, ("no, no,") in order that when Missouri abolishes slavery she can send one hundred thousand emancipated slaves into Illinois, to become citizens and voters, on an equality with yourselves? ("Never," "no.")

20. Douglas
Now, I hold that Illinois had a right to abolish and prohibit slavery as she did, and I hold that Kentucky has the same right to continue and protect slavery that Illinois had to abolish it. I hold that New York had as much right to abolish slavery as Virginia has to continue it, and that each and every State of this Union is a sovereign power, with the right to do as it pleases upon this question of slavery, and upon all its domestic institutions. ... And why can we not adhere to the great principle of self-government, upon which our institutions were originally based.

21. Lincoln
I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races, that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people ... I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive that because the white man is to have the superior position the negro should be denied everything.

22. Lincoln
Let us discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man-this race and that race and the other race being inferior, and therefore they must be placed in an inferior position, discarding our standard that we have left us. Let us discard all these things, and unite as one people throughout this land, until we shall once more stand up declaring that all men are created equal.

23. Lincoln
Founding Fathers... "intended to include all men, but they did not mean to declare all men equal in all respects. They did not mean to say all men were equal in color, size, intellect, moral development or social capacity. They defined with tolerable distinctness in what they did consider all men created equal — equal in certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ... "

24. Lincoln
"A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. "

25. Lincoln on Douglas’s policy
"as thin as the homeopathic soup that was made by boiling the shadow of a pigeon that had starved to death.” 19th century soundbite

26. 1858 debate Lincoln Douglass Slavery a moral question
Believed question must be solved
Supported "Popular Sovereignty"
Claimed Lincoln would dissolve Union

27. Issues States’ rights Equality with whites
Economic fears of poor whites
Declaration of Independence

28. Declaration of Independence
Proclaims ”all men created equal”
Claims right to govern by consent of governed

29. How to resolve contradictions?

30. Douglas wins Senate seat (1858)
1860 Presidential election

31. John Brown Deeply religious Active in Underground Railway
Took part in Bleeding Kansas
Organized revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia

32. Raid on Harpers Ferry National armory Intended to spark revolt
October 1859
Put down after 3 days
Brown executed

33. Result
Deep suspicion by South
Celebrated as martyr by some in North

34. Douglass on Brown
"Did John Brown fail? John Brown began the war that ended American slavery and made this a free Republic. His zeal in the cause of freedom was infinitely superior to mine. Mine was as the taper light; his was as the burning sun. I could live for the slave; John Brown could die for him."

35. Interpretations
Terrorist
Dsyfuctional
Fanatic murderer
Idealist

37. Causes of war?

38. Causes
Economic
Political
Moral (slavery)