1. Post Reconstruction a.k.a. After the Civil War

2. Civil War Amendments Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth

3. Amendment XIII Ended slavery “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude... shall exist within the United States....”

4. Amendment XIV Defines citizenship “All persons born or naturalized in the United States... are citizens of the United States....”

5. Amendment XV Defines voting “The right of citizens... to vote shall not be denied... by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

6. Ku Klux Klan Started in 1866 by 6 former Confederate soldiers

7. Members wore robes and masks to look like the ghosts of dead Confederate soldiers who returned for revenge against enemies of the South. Knights of the White Camellia kuklos (“circle”).

9. Black Codes: laws that restricted freedmen rights Curfews Vagrancy laws (not working) Labor contracts Land restrictions (forced living on plantations)

10. Voting Restrictions Poll Tax: special fee paid to vote Literacy Tests (read, write, knowledge) Property ownership

11. Grandfather clauses Allowed people to vote………….if their grandfather had voted.

12. 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson --Major setback for Af. Amerc. --Segregation legal as long as separate facilities provided. --Leading to the Southern belief of “Separate but equal”

13. Jim Crow Laws Developed a segregated South This way of life became the “norm” of the South. “That is just the way it is”

14. Examples: Schools Parks Public bldgs Hospitals Transportation Public toilets Water fountains Sections of theaters

19. The fight back… The Niagara Movement: (1905) vowed never to accept “inferiority”, bow to “oppressions”, or apologize “before insult”. W.E.B. Du Bois leader.

21. NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: (1909) abolish segregation and discrimination, oppose racism, and gain civil right for African Americans.

22. The National Urban League: (1911) improved job opportunities and housing for African Americans.