1. The Enlightenment Spreads
Mr. Morris
World History

2. Key Terms Ch. 22.3 pg. 636 Salon Baroque Neoclassical
Enlightened despot
Catherine the Great

3. Setting the Stage
Enlightenment views got those who spoke them in lots of trouble
Despite the possibility of jail or exile, ideas from the Enlightenment spread throughout Europe
These views influenced everything from art to the royalty who ran countries

4. A World of Ideas During the 1700s, Paris was the capital of Europe
Young people from all over the Continent and from the Americas went their to study
In the living rooms of rich women in Paris, salons were hosted
Many bright and intelligent people met to discuss ideas
These salons helped to spread Enlightenment ideas

5. Diderot’s Encyclopedia
Denis Diderot published a large set of books with a collection of writings from scholars all over Europe called Encyclopedia
Banned by the Catholic Church and the French government
The Encyclopedia spread Enlightenment ideas to literate people all over Europe
Those who liked the ideas were able to buy books and support artists

6. Neoclassical Style Emerges
Prior to the Enlightenment, baroque had been the style of art popular in Europe
Grand, ornate designs
This style began to change under the Enlightenment
Simple style that borrowed from classical Greece and Rome – neoclassical (“new classical”)

7. Changes in Music and Literature
Music had been dominated by dramatic music using organs and choruses
During the Enlightenment, this changed to a much lighter style led by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven
Novels emerged during the Enlightenment
People enjoyed their examination of the characters’ thoughts and feelings
Entertaining, written in everyday language
Many women authored popular novels

8. Enlightenment and Monarchy
Eventually, Enlightenment ideas made it to royal courts
Enlightenment thinkers thought that the best government was run by a monarch who respected the rights of their people
Rulers made changes to their rule but had no plans of giving up any of their power

9. Frederick the Great Frederick II was king of Prussia
Granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education, reformed the justice system, abolished torture
Believed that serfdom was wrong, but never abolished it – needed support of landowners
Main goal was to serve and strengthen his country – appealed to Enlightenment thinkers

10. Joseph II Joseph II was king of Austria
Freedom of the press, freedom of worship (Protestants included), abolished serfdom and demanded peasants be paid in cash for their labor
Most nobles did not agree with these changes, and they were reversed after Joseph’s death

11. Catherine the Great
Catherine II ruled Russia – most admired by the Enlightenment thinkers
Formed a commission to develop religious toleration and abolish torture and the death penalty
None of this was ever accomplished by the commission
Eventually implemented limited reforms
Changed after a serf uprising in 1773
Realized she needed support of nobles to keep her throne, did not abolish serfdom

12. Catherine Expands Russia
After solidifying her power by backing nobles, Catherine looked to make her country bigger
Fought some wars to gain access to water routes
Broke up Poland, took the majority of it into Russia
By the end of Catherine’s reign, Russia was becoming a world power