1. Highland Science Department Ionic Nomenclature

2. Highland Science Department Ionic Nomenclature the more metallic element always comes first

3. Highland Science Department Ionic Nomenclature Multivalent Ions: metals with more than one common valence -the possible valences are indicated on your periodic table

4. Highland Science Department Ionic Nomenclature Multivalent Ions: metals with more than one common valence -the possible valences are indicated on your periodic table Polyatomic Ions: groups of atoms that behave as a single ion

5. Highland Science Department Ionic Nomenclature Polyatomic Ions: acetateCH 3 COO 1- ammoniumNH 4 1+ hydroxideOH 1- cyanideCN 1- permanganateMnO 4 1- thiocyanateSCN 1- hydrogen carbonateHCO 3 1- (bicarbonate)

6. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids One extra oxygen (per-ate) Basic Ion (-ate) One fewer oxygen (-ite) Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite) ClO 3 1- chlorate NO 3 1- nitrate CO 3 2- carbonate SO 4 2- sulfate PO 4 3- phosphate

7. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids One extra oxygen (per-ate) Basic Ion (-ate) One fewer oxygen (-ite) Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite) ClO 4 1- perchlorate ClO 3 1- chlorate NO 4 1- pernitrate NO 3 1- nitrate CO 4 2- percarbonate CO 3 2- carbonate SO 5 2- persulfate SO 4 2- sulfate PO 5 3- perphosphate PO 4 3- phosphate

8. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids One extra oxygen (per-ate) Basic Ion (-ate) One fewer oxygen (ite) Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite) ClO 4 1- perchlorate ClO 3 1- chlorate ClO 2 1- chlorite NO 4 1- pernitrate NO 3 1- nitrate NO 2 1- nitrite CO 4 2- percarbonate CO 3 2- carbonate CO 2 2- carbonite SO 5 2- persulfate SO 4 2- sulfate SO 3 2- sulfite PO 5 3- perphosphate PO 4 3- phosphate PO 3 3- phosphite

9. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids One extra oxygen (per-ate) Basic Ion (-ate) One fewer oxygen (ite) Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite) ClO 4 1- perchlorate ClO 3 1- chlorate ClO 2 1- chlorite ClO 1- hypochlorite NO 4 1- pernitrate NO 3 1- nitrate NO 2 1- nitrite NO 1- hyponitrite CO 4 2- percarbonate CO 3 2- carbonate CO 2 2- carbonite CO 2- hypocarbonite SO 5 2- persulfate SO 4 2- sulfate SO 3 2- sulfite SO 2 2- hyposulfite PO 5 3- perphosphate PO 4 3- phosphate PO 3 3- phosphite PO 2 3- hypophosphite

10. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX 1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate

11. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX 1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate 2. # of consonants indicates # of oxygen e.g. NICK has 3 = NO 3

12. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX 1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate 2. # of consonants indicates # of oxygen e.g. NICK has 3 = NO 3 3. # of vowels indicates valence e.g. NICK has 1 = NO 3 1-

13. Highland Science Department Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX 1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate 2. # of consonants indicates # of oxygen e.g. NICK has 3 = NO 3 3. # of vowels indicates valence e.g. NICK has 1 = NO 3 1- -add an oxygen to any to get "per-ate" -subtract an oxygen to get "ite" -subtract two oxygens to get "hypo-ite"

14. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method kris kross kris kross 1. Write the valences (oxidation numbers) beside each ion as superscripts e.g.magnesium oxide Mg 2+ O 2-

15. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method 1. Write the valences (oxidation numbers) beside each ion as superscripts e.g.magnesium oxide Mg 2+ O 2- 2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts Mg 2 O 2

16. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method 1. Write the valences beside each ion as subscripts e.g.magnesium oxide Mg 2+ O 2- 2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts Mg 2 O 2 3. Reduce the subscripts to their lowest forms Mg 1 O 1

17. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method 1. Write the valences beside each ion as subscripts e.g.magnesium oxide Mg 2+ O 2- 2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts Mg 2 O 2 3. Reduce the subscripts to their lowest forms Mg 1 O 1 4. Do not write ones; they are understood Mg O

18. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method 1. Write the valences beside each ion as subscripts e.g.magnesium oxide Mg 2+ O 2- 2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts Mg 2 O 2 3. Reduce the subscripts to their lowest forms Mg 1 O 1 4. Do not write ones; they are understood Mg O * For polyatomic ions, place the ion in brackets before writing the subscript

19. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method Try these: 1.sodium fluoride 2.lithium oxide 3. beryllium sulfide 4. calcium chloride 5. ammonium iodide 6. magnesium carbonate

20. Highland Science Department Formula Writing: criss cross method Try these: 1.sodium fluorideNaF 2.lithium oxideLi 2 O 3. beryllium sulfideBeS 4. calcium chlorideCaCl 2 5. ammonium iodideNH 4 I 6. magnesium carbonateMgCO 3

21. Highland Science Department Naming: -metal is named first -non-metal is named second with its ending changed to "ide" for binary (2 element) molecules

22. Highland Science Department Naming: -metal is named first -non-metal is named second with its ending changed to "ide" for binary (2 element) molecules -reverse criss cross sorts out the valence of a multi-valent ion e.g.FeOvs.Fe 2 O 3 Fe 1+ O 1- Fe 3+ O 2- -oxygen can only be O 2- so... Fe 2+ O 2- Fe 3+ O 2- double them both

23. Highland Science Department Naming: -metal is named first -non-metal is named second with its ending changed to "ide" for binary (2 element) molecules -reverse criss cross sorts out the valence of a multi-valent ion e.g.FeOvs.Fe 2 O 3 Fe 1+ O 1- Fe 3+ O 2- -oxygen can only be O 2- so... Fe 2+ O 2- Fe 3+ O 2- double them both -the multi-valent ion valence is written in Roman numerals in brackets after the name iron (II) oxideiron (III) oxide

24. Highland Science Department Naming: Roman numeral FYI I= 1 II=2 III=3 IV=4 V=5 VI=6 VII=7 VIII=8 *the pattern: I's placed after add to the value, I's placed before subtract

25. Highland Science Department Naming: the same pattern holds true for bigger numbers X=10 L=50 C=100 M=1000 2013MMXIII 1997MCMXCVII

26. Highland Science Department Naming: the same pattern holds true for bigger numbers X=10 L=50 C=100 M=1000 2013MMXIII 1997MCMXCVII Imagine doing scientific notation......or just thank the Middle East for Arabic numerals