1. Brief overview of 6 Kingdoms

2. Classification Grouping of objects or information based on similarities Helps scientists understand what different species have in common with each other Helps discover & understand what factors caused different evolutionary variations in particular families over a period of time Accomplished through the use of taxonomic study and devices

3. Early Classification Systems

4. Carolus Linnaeus Swedish botanist (1700s); “Father of Modern Classification” (Taxonomy); used physical characteristics to classify organisms; created a binomial system of nomenclature (2 word name) Class of species

5. Organisms may have many common names, but only 1 scientific name  ex. Felis concolor = Cougar, Puma, Mountain Lion, Panther, Cat- a-mount Animal Groups = Phyla Plant Groups = Divisions TAXA of CLASSIFICATION: (subspecies)  Species  Genus  Family  Order  Class  Phylum  Kingdom

6. Taxonomy the science of classifying living things; deals with the description, nomenclature, & classification of “things” Purposes of Taxonomy: Convenience of Study Shows Evolutionary Relationships When the Changes Occurred

7. Polynomial System of Nomenclature System which uses several names to describe an organism, i.e. Turdus minor cinero-albus non maculates (thrush, small, grayish-white, without, spots)—Mocking Bird

8. Binomial System of Nomenclature System of naming things – each individual gets a 2-part name; i.e. Mimus polyglottos ( mimic of many languages )—Mocking Bird Binomial Name (Scientific Name) Usually written in Latin; 1 st word is genus name & 2 nd word is species (trivial) name; today can be followed by subspecies

9. Rules for Writing Binomial Names 1.Genus name capitalized 2.Species name lower case 3.Both names underlined or italicized

10. Modern Taxonomy Based On  Physical Appearance  How & Where They Live  Evolutionary Ancestry  Genetic Similarities  Biochemical Similarities

12. 6 Kingdoms Overview Formally K. Monera Prokaryotic cells (primitive cell structure w/out nuclear membrane); no membrane-bound organelles; nearly all unicellular (some exist in multicellular clusters) Archaebacteria live in harshest environments; no petidoglycan in cell wall; autotrophic Eubacteria petidoglycan in cell walls; heterotrophic

14. Protista – (means first); Eukaryotic cells; both unicellular & multicellular; groups based on method of nutrition, motility, & type of reproduction 3 types: -Protozoa (animal-like); heterotrophic; Paramecium, Ameba -Algae (plant-like); autotrophic; Spirogyra; Volvox -Slime Molds (fungus-like); heterotrophic; slime & water molds

16. Fungi Eukaryotic; heterotrophic (absorbs food); organized into branched, multinucleated filaments; both multicellular (bread mold, mushrooms) & unicellular (yeasts)

17. Plants Eukaryotic; autotrophic (photosynthetic); multicellular

18. Animals Eukaryotic; heterotrophic (ingests food); multicellular; largest kingdom

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