1. Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians 7th Edition By: Dennis M. Mccurnin Joanna M. Bassert

2. Learning Objectives  Discuss indications for restraint of animals and behaviors exhibited by aggressive animals  Explain the physiological principles that affect animal perceptions and methods of restraint in small and large animals  Describe the proper procedures for carrying and lifting large dogs, small dogs, and cats  List and describe types of muzzles and mouth gags that are used on dogs and cats, and explain proper procedures for their use  Discuss indications for use of chemical restraint in animal patients

3. Restraint ….an important element to performing many veterinary procedures

4. What is restraint?  Restraint is restricting a patient’s activity by verbal, physical or pharmacological means so that the patient is prevented from hurting itself or others.  Safety –Staff –Client –Animal  Legalities –Liability for injury

5. Factors For Developing a plan of restraint? Environmental? Other animals Equipment Behavior? smell, hearing, vision, touch You? Staff? What is the procedure being performed?

6. Behavior/Perception  Olfaction –Well developed –Rabbits and cats 14 x greater Feliway - http://www.feliway.com/us http://www.feliway.com/us DAP- http://www.petcomfortzone.com/comfortzone_dap.php http://www.petcomfortzone.com/comfortzone_dap.php  Hearing –Movable pinnae to focus on source –Low, smooth, confident tones promotes comfort –Excellent clue to attitude of the animal

7. Behavior/ Perception  Vision –Tapetum (layer behind lens that allows better vision at night) Pigs do not have –Herbivorous What is their field of vision? –Carnivorous What is their field of vision?

8. Behavior/ Perception  Touch –Way of communication –Learned skill –Read you animal –Repeated pats vs. steady firm strokes –Watch behavior in natural setting

9. Behavior  Fight or flight  Pain induced Aggression  Maternal Aggression  Predatory Aggression  Territorial Aggression  Fear- Induced Aggression  Intermale Aggression  Dominance Aggression  http://www.vin.com/MEMBERS/CMS/Misc/VSPN/Defaul t.aspx?id=11421&pid=49&catid=&said=1www.vin.com/MEMBERS/CMS/Misc/VSPN/Defaul t.aspx?id=11421&pid=49&catid

10. What is this behavior?

11. Categories of Restraint  http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/resources/restr aint/index.aspx http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/resources/restr aint/index.aspx  Verbal  Physical/Manual  Chemical/Pharmacological

12. Categories of Restraint  Verbal –Least severe form of restraint –Use when approaching patient –Especially good for blind or those patients not looking at you, prevents startling. –What are some examples?

13. Categories of Restraint  Physical/Manual –Standing, sitting, sternal, dorsal, or lateral recumbency –Tools/Techniques: Muzzle, e-collar, towel, gloves, scruffing, squeeze cage, snare (rabies pole), cat bag Chute, hobble, chain shank, skin twitch, rope/chain twitch, halter

14. Lateral Recumbency

15. Sternal Recumbency

16. Sitting Recumbency

17. Standing Recumbency

18. Categories of Restraint  Chemical/Pharmacological –Anesthetic agents –Examples include Ketamine and/or Valium Acepromazine Domitor and Antisedan Butorphanol

19. Purposes of Restraint  Protect patient from injuring itself or others  Facilitate exams or procedures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

20. Complications/Challenges of Restraining Patients  Size of patient  Behavior issues  Dyspnea  Hyperthermia  Tissue trauma

21. Restraint  Remember- use the least amount of restraint necessary to keep everyone safe, and still accomplish the medical goals.  Be ready to increase the amount of restraint being used to whatever level is needed, if the animal becomes more reactive. www.vspn.org/VSPNSearch/VSPNLibrary/4Hospita lTips.pdf

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