1. China
“Eastward goes the great river, it waves have swept away a thousand years of gallant men.”

2. China
Draw a picture or write down words or phases that express your ideas about China.

3. Prehistoric Society: Yangshao
BCE
Ban Po Village
Painted pottery
Bronze tools

4. The Earliest Dynasties
Xia
C BCE
Shang
BCE
Zhou
BCE

5. Neolithic village at Ban Po

7. The Shang Dynasty Yellow River near the frontier
traditional date: 1500 B.C.
invaders
eventually absorbed

9. Shang Dynasty Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles
Large armies
Political organization: network of fortified cities, loyal to center
1000 cities
Capital moved six times
Impressive architecture
Other regional kingdoms coexist:

10. Characteristics silk no animal milk or milk products ancestor worship
central place of the family

11. Operative unit of Society
the family
not the individual
not the state
not the religion

12. Other features ornate architecture chopsticks ideographic script
still readable by modern Chinese

13. Oracle bone with early ideographic script

14. An example of Shang bronze (religious objects) cast using a “lost wax” process

15. More bronze ware, with early ideograms

16. A bronze temple bell
-many will strike two distinct and separate notes, depending on which part of the bell is struck

17. The Zhou Dynasty (JOH) China would become large and powerful
Leave a heritage that would last thousands of years
Heritage is a set of ideas that has been passed down from one generation to another

18. The Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou dynasty worshipped a god called Tian (TYEN) or “Heaven”
Lived in the Wei River Valley as herders
Learned to farm and settled in villages

19. Zhou Dynasty
Began to move east, and came into contact with the Shang people
1050 B.C. , the Zhou Dynasty attacked the Shang Dynasty
In 1050 B.C. the Zhou ruler, King Wu, claimed victory over the Shang Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty believed the heavens ordered the attack on Shang

20. Zhou Dynasty Virtues: good qualities, needed to lead the people
Book of Documents: an early Chinese text, calls Heaven’s order to claim rule over China the Mandate of Heaven

21. Division of Classes

22. Division of Classes King was at the top of Zhou Society
Everyone owned loyalty to the king
King gave land to nobles in return for military service
Kings used nobles armies for protection

23. Division of Classes
Nobles received land in return for military service
Nobles ruled their land as separate states, governing in whatever way they wanted
King would use Nobles armies for protection

24. Division of Classes
Peasants lived on the land owned by the nobles and farmed it
For the right to farm a noble’s land, the peasant had to serve in the noble’s army
Life filled with hardships
Peasants farmers supplied king with an endless number of workers

25. Zhou Dynasty Under the Zhou kings China’s civilization grew
By 700 B.C. more people lived in china than anywhere else in the world

26. The Decline of the Zhou Dynasty
Kings would be strong rulers, however eventually weakened
People to north and west of the Zhou kingdom invaded the valley of the Wei River

27. Warring Kingdom Period
Invaders would capture the Wei River Valley, Zhou had to move their capital
Power would weaken and nobles increased
The collapse of Zhou would bring China into a time of warfare

28. The Period of Warring States
771 B.C.
dozen-plus states
balance of power until 500’s
period of consolidation by warfare
warfare chronic

29. The Period of the Warring States, ca. 500 B.C.

30. The Ideas of Confucius
One of China’s most important thinkers, Confucius
Lived during the Warring Kingdoms Period
Confucius is often called China’s first philosopher
Philosopher: is a person who studies the meaning of life

31. The Ideas of Confucius
He spent much of his time thinking about ways to improve society and restore order in China
China’s first teacher
Used short sayings to teach his ideas

32. Confucius (ca. 551-479 B.C.) poor family
well-educated in the “classics”
ambitious (wanted to be a bureaucrat...)
couldn’t get honest work...so he became a teacher

33. Kung Fu-Tse
Tomb of Master Kung

34. Confucius, con’t wrote nothing--his followers wrote about him
difficult to separate myth from fact
the Analects
his “sayings”

35. Important Confucian concepts
Ren – innate goodness in human beings
Li – normal standard of conduct
the TAO –what is appropriate
no speculation on metaphysics

36. Confucian Ideas Ethics and politics Junzi: “superior individuals”
Avoided religion, metaphysics
Junzi: “superior individuals”
Role in government service
Emphasis on Zhou Dynasty texts
later formed core texts of Chinese education

37. Confucius, con’t a failure? ideas spread by students
adopted by the Han dynasty

38. Taoism Mo Tzu: ca. 470-391 B.C. Lao Tzu: 4th or 3rd century
taught about the Tao

39. Taoism
supplied the metaphysical
multiple lines of thought
very fluid

40. Taoism Critics of Confucianism Founder: Laozi, 6th c. BCE
Passivism, rejection of active attempts to change the course of events
Founder: Laozi, 6th c. BCE
The Tao te Ching (Classic of Way and of Virtue)
Zhuangzi (named for author, BCE)

41. The Zhou (Chou) and Qin rise of the Qin new technology
gave land to peasants
new military draft
new bureaucracy

42. The Qin and the Legalist tradition
ideology of rule
absolute power of the ruler
people existed to serve the state
destroy Confucian philosophy?

43. The First Emperor
Qin Shihuangdi (r BCE) founds new dynasty as “First Emperor”
Dynasty ends in 207, but sets dramatic precedent
Basis of rule: centralized bureacracy
Massive public works begun
Incl. precursor to Great Wall

44. Shi Huangdi united China in 221 B.C. ruled by the Legalist theory
massive conscription for labor

45. China under the Qin dynasty, 221-207 B.C.E.

46. Resistance to Qin Policies
Emperor orders execution of all critics
Orders burning of all ideological works
Some 460 scholars buried alive
Others exiled
Massive cultural losses

47. Tomb of Shi Huangdi

49. The Great Canal

50. Rise of the Han
rebellion of peasants
Lui Bang
a successful failure

51. Han dynasty ruled for 400 years new bureaucracy
emphasis on centralization
weakening of the aristocracy
imperial expansion
destruction of the Legalists

52. East Asia and central Asia at the time of Han Wudi, Ca. 87 B.C.E.

53. The Han Dynasty

54. Han society the Confucian educated elite free peasants
non-free peasants
improvement in women's’ status
beginnings of “secret societies”

55. Population Growth in the Han Dynasty
General prosperity
Increased agricultural productivity
Taxes small part of overall income
Produce occasionally spoiling in state granaries

56. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

57. The Great Wall
Facts
It is located between Mongolian grasslands and the farmlands of Han.
It is about 10 meters high.
It is five meters wide.
The wall stretches from east to west for about 5000 kilometers.
The wall runs up and down along the mountains and valleys.

58. The Great Wall Construction
The Great Wall was built as a defensive fortification by the three following states – Yan, Zhao and Qin.
Construction of the first section began no later than the 6th or 7th centuries B.C.
The last section was added on between the 14th and 17th century A.D.
It went through constant repairs during the later dynasties.

59. Purpose of Creation The Great Wall
The reason the Chinese created this astonishing wall was to defend China.
A lot of people think that this wall was built to keep the Mongolians out, but eventually the Mongols would have gotten over it since it isn’t very tall. So instead of keeping them out, it slowed them down.
In reality, it began as independent walls for different states.
The idea of joining the wall came from the emperor Qin Shihuang.

60. This is the perspective of how big the Great Wall is.
From on side of America to another.