1. Parts of Speech

2. Parts of Speech
noun
verb
pro.
adj.
adv.
prep.
interj.
conj.

3. Kinds of Sentences
declarative - makes a statement and ends with a period.
Example: The house will be built on a hill.
interrogative - asks a question and ends with a question mark.
Example: How did you find the card?
exclamatory - shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark.
Example: The monster is attacking!
imperative - gives a command.
Example: Cheryl, try the other door.
sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood.
Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)

4. The Clause S
subject P
predicate
(verb)
dependent
independent

5. The Dependent/Subordinate Clause
Dependent or subordinate clauses are introduced with subordinating conjunctions:
after even though than while
although if that whether
as in order that though
as if rather than unless
because since until
before so that when

6. The Phrase
Groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in the phrases function as a single part of speech.
prepositional - preposition + object and modifiers; act as adjectives or adverbs
infinitive - “to” + verb; act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns
appositive - renames, or identifies, a noun or pronoun
participial - past or present verb form + modifiers; acts as an adjective
gerund - an “-ing” verb form + its complements and modifiers; acts as a noun
absolute - a noun or pronoun followed by a participle

7. Clauses and Punctuation
A dependent clause that appears at the beginning of a sentence must be separated from the independent clause in the sentence by a comma.
D,I
After it snowed, the earth appeared serene and magical.
When two independent clauses are joined together in one sentence without a coordinating conjunction, they must be separated by a semicolon.
 I;I
The monkey climbed; he liked the tall tree.
When two independent clauses are joined into one sentence by a coordinating conjunction such as “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” or “so,” the writer must place a comma before the coordinating conjunction.
I,ccI
Jessica loves John, and John loves Jenny.

8. D, I
I D
complex
I, cc I
I;I
compound

9. You must have agreement or
your sentence is dead.
D.O.
I.O.
subject
predicate
S.C.
The flower are here.

10. The artist went to the store; they needed paint.
You must also have pronoun antecedent agreement,
or your sentence is dead.
antecedent
pronoun
The artist went to the store; they needed paint.

11. The Logic of Sentence Analysis
A.V.
D.O.
I.O.
subject
L.V.
S.C.
Find the subject/predicate set.
Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?
If the verb is action, then
Do not look for a subject complement.
Look for a direct object.
If you find a direct object, then
Look for an indirect object.
If the verb is linking, then
Do not look for a direct object.
Look for a subject complement.

12. one independent clause, simple sentence
Four-Level Sentence Analysis
The modesty of the demand shook me.
Parts of Speech:
adj.
noun.
prep.
adj.
noun. v.
pro.
direct
object
Parts of Sentence:
subject
pred.
Phrases:
--- prepositional phrase---
Clauses:
one independent clause, simple sentence

13. diffidence, placid, adhere, quietus, miscreant, quixotic, reproof, condescend, somber, enigma, phlegmatic, undulate, sublime, resolute, strident, din, amicable, amorous, raconteur, profound, dejection, placid, amiably, tedious, mea culpa, perplex, impede, interpose, incisive, impassive, admonish, aperture, avidly, perfidious, miasma, abject, portal, fain, sanguinary, retort, blithe, imperiously, hauteur, patronize, aloof, boon, cypher, wince, defray, genial, cadaverous, artifice, remonstrate, nether, upbraid, solicitous, proffer, conveyance, mauve, hitherto, succulent, ardent, tremulous, recriminate, assail, virulent, insinuate
Peter Pan
By James M. Barrie

14. The Great Gatsby Chapter One By F. Scott Fitzgerald
vulnerable, reserved, privy, feigned, levity, revelation, plagiaristic, scorn, marred, suppressions, fundamental, decencies, parceled, conduct, corky, founded, riotous, imperceptibly, glimpses, exempt, unaffected, abortive, prominent, bungalow, conferred, conviction, epigram, shrill, contour, perpetual, courtesy, phenomenon, superficial, bizarre, divan, colossal, eyesore, proximity, acute, anticlimax, reproach, gayety, wistfully, feebly, turbulence, irrecoverable, supercilious, effeminate, leverage, coherence, sophisticated, fractiousness, defiant, vista, pungent, ajar, buoyed, cynical, conscientious, murmur, surname, irrelevant, skepticism, gay, ecstatically, desolate, mourning, wail, claret, decisively, deft, retorted, incredulously, accentuated, reciprocal, wan, contemptuously, imperatively, languidly, diminished, settee, radiantly, hulking, unobtrusively, bantering, bellows, pessimist, ferociously, fervent, infinitesimal, pathetic, verandas, content, extemporizing, devoid, subdued, audible, verge, ceased, nightingale, decisively, hardy, intriguing, vigil, tangible, turbulent, sedative, ether, compel, crimson, glinted, asserted, rotogravure, anon, peremptorily, corroborated, libel, banns, egotism, wayside, roller, silhouette, intimation
The Great Gatsby
Chapter One
By F. Scott Fitzgerald

15. antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior, antemeridiem, antepenult
Stem Definition Examples:
ante (before)
antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior, antemeridiem, antepenult
anti (against)
anti-aircraft, antibody, anticlimax, anticline, antitoxin, antithesis

16. anthropo (human being)
Stem Definition Examples:
anthropo (human being)
misanthrope, anthropology, anthropocentric, philanthropic,
auto (self)
autocrat, automatic, autograph, autobiography, automaton

17. bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar, binocular
Stem Definition Examples:
bi (two)
bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar, binocular
circum (around)
circumnavigate, circumspect, circumvent, circumlocution

18. combination, comfort, complete, commensurate, common, combo
Stem Definition Examples:
com (together)
combination, comfort, complete, commensurate, common, combo
con (together)
contract, confidence, confine, confederate, conjunction, contact

19. autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy, bureaucrat
Stem Definition Examples:
crat (rule, govern)
autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy, bureaucrat
cred (believe, trust)
incredulous, credibility, credence, incredible, credit, credential

20. deposit, descent, despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish
Stem Definition Examples:
de (down, away, from)
deposit, descent, despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish
dis (away)
distract, distort, dispute, dissonant, disperse, dismiss, dissuade

21. equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium
Stem Definition Examples:
equi (equal)
equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium
extra (beyond)
extraterrestrial, extraordinary, extravagant, extrovert, extramural

22. grad (step, degree, rank) gradual, graduate, gradation, grade, gradum
Stem Definition Examples:
grad (step, degree, rank)
gradual, graduate, gradation,
grade, gradum
grat (pleasing, thankful)
grateful, gratitude, ingratiate, congratulate, gratify

23. international, interdepartmental, interstellar, interject, interlude
Stem Definition Examples:
inter (between)
international, interdepartmental, interstellar, interject, interlude
intra (within)
intracellular, intravenous, intracranial, intrastate, intrauterine

24. introduce, introspective, introvert, introject, introrse, intromission
Stem Definition Examples:
intro (into)
introduce, introspective, introvert, introject, introrse, intromission
in (not, go into)
inaccurate, incongruous, indolence, insidious, inhabit, invoke

25. logy (study or theory of)
Stem Definition Examples:
logy (study or theory of)
biology, ecology, geology, cosmology, sociology, etymology
lat (side or wide)
lateral, bilateral, latitude, latitudinal

26. logue (speech, word, idea, reason)
Stem Definition Examples:
logue (speech, word, idea, reason)
prologue, dialogue, monologue, epilogue, logical , logotype
mis (bad)
misfit, mistake, misfortune, misfire, misery, miser, misdeed

27. maladjusted, malfunction, malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent
Stem Definition Examples:
mal (bad)
maladjusted, malfunction, malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent
non (not)
nonstop, nonprofit, none, nonchalant, nonconformity

28. postgraduate, posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior,
Stem Definition Examples:
post (after)
postgraduate, posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior,
pre (before)
prelude, preposition, premonition, premature, predict, predecessor

29. promote, protagonist, produce, proficient, progress,
Stem Definition Examples:
pro (forward)
promote, protagonist, produce, proficient, progress,
per (through)
percolate, pervasive, permeate, perfunctory, perspective, perceive

30. semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly, semiannual,
Stem Definition Examples:
semi (half)
semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly, semiannual,
sub (under, beneath)
subterranean, subtract, subterfuge subservient, subordinate,

31. supervise, superb, superior, superfluous, supercilious,
Stem Definition Examples:
super (over)
supervise, superb, superior, superfluous, supercilious,
syn (together)
synthetic, synchronize, syndrome, synonym, synopsis, syntax

32. spect (see, look, behold)
Stem Definition Examples:
spect (see, look, behold)
spectator, introspective, spectacle, inspect, spectacular
sol (sun, alone)
solstice, solarium, solar,
solo, solitary, soliloquy

33. sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony, symposium
Stem Definition Examples:
sym (together)
sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony, symposium
tri (three)
tricycle, triangle, triceps, triad, trichotomy, triceratops, trivia

34. Stem Definition Examples:
un (not)
unfit, unequal, undone, unequivocal, unearned, unconventional, untenable

35. verify, verdant, vernacular, veracity, verbatim, veritable,
Stem Definition Examples:
ver (truth)
verify, verdant, vernacular, veracity, verbatim, veritable,