1. COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA503 BUREAUCRACY
LECTURE 09

2. SUMMARY/RECAP FIRST MINNOWBROOK CONFERENCE(1968)
EQUITY,ETHICS,HUMAN RELATIONS ACCOUNTABILITY
SECOND MINNOWBROOK CONFERENCE(1988)
LEADERSHIP,LEGAL PERSPECTIVE, TECHNOLOGY
NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
MARKET TO REGULATE THREE E s
IMPACT

3. DEFINITION
A WELL DEFINED DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LABOR AMONG PERSONS AND OFFICES
A PERSONNEL SYSTEM WITH CONSISTENT PATTERNS OF RECRUITMENT AND STABLE LINEAR CAREERS
A HIERARCHY AMONG OFFICES SUCH THAT THE AUTHORITY AND STATUS ARE DIFFERENTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG ACTORS

4. ORIGIN EARLY 18th CENTURY TO REFER TO A WRITING DESK/OFFICE
A SCRIBE IN THE SUMERIAN ERA WAS POWERFUL SINCE HE COULD WRITE AND KEEP RECORDS FOR THE KINGS
IN PERSIAN EMPIRE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WAS DIVIDED INTO PROVINCES LED BY SATRAPS/ROYAL SECRETARIES
DURING CHINESE QIN DYNASTY CONFUCIUS SET UP MERIT BASED SYSTEM OF MANDARINS
MODERN BUREAUCRACIES FOLLOWED THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

5. COMPULSIONS A FORMAL STATE APPARATUS
STATE FORMULATES AND IMPLEMENTS LAWS
IT LEVIES TAXES
IT KEEPS CONFLICTS UNDER CONTROL
IT ORGANISES DEFENCE/FOREIGN RELATIONS
REGULATES TRADE

6. KARL MARXS THEORY
BUREAUCRACY CONTROLS AND COORDINATES THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH AND APPROPRIATES PART OF IT
BUREAUCRACY IS A COST TO SOCIETY TOLERATED SINCE IT MAINTAINS SOCIAL ORDER
IF STATE OWNS MEANS OF PRODUCTION BUREAUCRACY MAY BECOME VERY POWERFUL RESULTING IN BUREAUCRATIC COLLECTIVISM
WORKERS SELF MANAGEMENT MAY RENDER BUREAUCRACY REDUNDANT

7. KARL MARX
BUREAUCRACY CAN BE TRACED BACK TO SOCIAL DIVISION AND IT TRIES TO MAINTAIN GULF BETWEEN CIVIL SOCIETY AND STATE
EXPLOITIVE IN NATURE
PRESERVES STATUS QUO
ACCUMULATES POWER FOR ITSELF
BUREAUCRACY ALIENATES ITSELF FROM MASSES

8. MAX WEBER WEBERS ANALYSIS OF BUREAUCRACY
THE HISTORICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE REASONS FOR THE PROCESS OF BUREAUCRATIZATION
THE IMPACT OF RULE OF LAW UPON FUNCTIONING OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANISATIONS
TYPICAL PERSONAL ORIENTATION AND OCCUPATIONAL OF BUREAUCRATIC OFFICIALS
MOST IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTES AND CONSEQUENCES OF BUREAUCRACY

9. MAX WEBERS THEORY CLASSIC OR IDEAL BUREAUCRACY
LEGAL RATIONAL AUTHORITY
IMPLIES A SET OF RULES AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES WHICH CLOSELY CONTROL THE ACTION OF EMPLOYEES OF THE ORGANISATION.IN RETURN THE BUREAUCRATS SHARE THE BELIEF OF ADHERING TO THE ORGANISATIONS REQUIREMENT

10. WEBER
BUREAUCRACY IS BASED UPON RULES WHICH ARE ACCEPTED BY MEMBERS OF THE ORGANISATION
BUREAUCRACY IS RELATIVELY CONTINUOUS IN ITS OPERATION
THE SPHERES OF COMPETENCE OF BUREAUCRATIC ADMINISTRATION ARE SPECIFIED

11. WEBERS LEGAL RATIONAL BUREAUCRACY IS BASED UPON THE IDEA OF HIERARCHY
LEGAL RATIONAL AUTHORITY NEEDS SERVICES OF WELL TRAINED OFFICIALS
OFFICIALS DO NOT OWN THEIR JOBS. THE JOBS BELONG TO THE ORGANISATION
THE SUCCESSFUL AND CONTINUING OPERATION OF BUREAUCRACY IS BASED ON WRITTEN RECORDS

12. WEBERS RATIONAL-LEGAL
A BUREAUCRATIC OFFICIAL
IS PERSONALLY FREE AND APPOINTED ON THE BASIS OF CONDUCT
EXCERCISES THE AUTHORITY DELEGATED TO HIM IN ACCORDANCE WITH IMPERSONAL RULES
APPOINTMENT AND JOB PLACEMENT ARE DEPENDENT UPON HIS TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS

13. WEBERS RATIONAL-LEGAL
ADMINISTRATIVE WORK IS A FULL TIME OCCUPATION
WORK IS RECORDED BY A REGULAR SALARY AND PROSPECTS OF ADVANCEMENT IN A LIFE TIME CAREER
BUREAUCRAT ARE SUBJECT TO CONTROL AND DISCIPLINE IN THE CONDUCT OF WORK
BUREAUCRATS ARE EXPECTED TO KNOW WHAT THEIR LEGAL POSITION IS

14. ADVANTAGES PRECISION SPEED RELIABILITY DISCIPLINE CONTINUITY
OPERATIONAL UNIFORMITY
LESS FRICTION

15. WEBER BUREAUCRACY SIGNIFIES TWO MAIN THINGS
A TYPE OF ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION AND A FORM OF RULE OR SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT.THE FIRST IS TECHHNICAL IN APPROACH,THE SECOND POLITICAL
TECHNICALLY BUREAUCRACY IS AN IMPERMEABLE AND COMPLEX HIERARCHY WITH EMPHASIS ON PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION,RECRUITMENT,EDUCATION,TRAINING,CONDITIONS OF SERVICE,RULES OF BUSINESS

16. WEBER
WEBER DESCRIBED THE IDEAL TYPE BUREAUCRACY TO BE A MORE EFFICIENT AND RATIONAL FORM OF ORGANISATION THAN THE PREVIOUS ALTERNATIVES TERMED AS CHARISMATIC AND TRADITIONAL DOMINATION. BUREAUCRACY IS LEGAL DOMINATION
RATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM MOST STABLE SYSTEM BOTH FOR SUBORDINATES AND SUPERIORS.SUBORDINATES CAN CHALLENGE SUPERIORS BASED ON RULES
WEBERS CONCERN WAS HOW TO CURTAIL POWER OF PERSONS IN SPECIALISED POSITIONS AND CONTROL EVER EXPANDING STATE BUREAUCRACIES

17. CRITICISM VERTICAL HIERARCHY CAN BECOME CHAOTIC AND COUTER PRODUCTIVE
COMPETENCIES CAN BE UNCLEAR AND USED CONTRARY TO SPIRIT OF LAW
NEPOTISM,CORRUPTION,IN FIGHTING, AND OTHER DEGENERATIONS MAY ENSUE
OFFICIALS MAY AVOID ACCOUNTABILITY,SEEK ANONYMITY BY AVOIDING DOCUMENTATION OR PRODUCING CONFUSING DOCUMENTATION

18. LIMITATIONS EMPHASISED OFFICE MORE THAN THE OFFICER
LIMITS TO RATIONALITY AFFECTING EFFICIENCY
ABILITY TO MAKE CORRECT DECISIONS
VALUES,IDEAS AND PURPOSE INFLUENCING DECISIONS
EXTENT OF KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO JOB
LOYALTY TO ORGANISATION

19. OTHER PROBLEMS OVER SPECIALISATION – MYOPIC VIEW
SLOW DECISION MAKING DUE TO RIGIDITY AND INERTIA OF PROCEDURES
PHENOMON OF GROUP THINKING RATHER THAN CRITICAL THINKING MAKING IT IMPOSSIBLE TO REGISTER,CHANGE OR CORRECT MISTAKES

20. OTHER PROBLEMS DISREGARD OF DISSENTING OPINION INSPITE OF DATA
BUREAUCRACY CREATES MORE AND MORE RULES AND PROCEDURES INCREASING IN COMPLEXITY AND DIMINISHES COORDINATION AND CREATING CONTRADICTORY RULES
NOT ALLOWING PEOPLE TO USE COMMON SENSE AS EVERYTHING HAS TO BE STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW