1. 3 December 2005 Jobs in a low carbon Europe 20 & 21 February 2007 Margrethe Sagevik, International Union of Railways (UIC) European Trade Union Confederation

2. 3 December 2005 1.Short status: climate change & the transport sector 2.Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios 3.Co-modality: Sustainable transport systems 4.Internalisation of external costs 5.Railways and training Jobs in a low carbon Europe

3. 3 December 2005 Transport causes 25-30 % of global GHG emissions and it’s not yet tackled!

4. 3 December 2005 Everything available at all times : (examples) Passenger services: holidays, weekend trips… shopping in London, Paris, NY... Freight services: Fresh food … ”Exotic” furniture…

5. 3 December 2005 Short status on the transport sector Brings enormous benefits to society, but also many costs… Status: Transport & mobility patterns - not developing in sustainable ways: - Increasing demand for passenger/freight transport - Growing markets for automotive and aviation - International aviation and shipping not included in Kyoto targets - Technological improvements eaten by volume growth - True costs of transport not reflected in the market - Lack of cross sectoral approaches in development of transport policies

6. 3 December 2005 Rail and energy EU EEA TERM REPORT 2005

7. 3 December 2005 1.Short status: climate change & the transport sector 2.Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios 3.Co-modality: Sustainable transport systems 4.Internalisation of external costs 5.Railways and training Jobs in a low carbon Europe

8. 3 December 2005 Railways: what we offer to a low carbon Europe  The railways represent the best performance in terms of energy efficiency and thus, carbon dioxide emissions.  Rail transport based on electric traction is already adapted for the use of renewable energy sources.  By using electricity, it is possible to regenerate energy during braking and reuse it.  The railways are investing significant resources into energy efficiency measures. UIC is a leading force in this work. 2. Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios

9. 3 December 2005 Continuously improving the energy advantage Examples on projects 1. Rail Energy 2. Training 3. Energy Billing 4. Eco-procurement 5. Bio fuel-study 2. Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios Railways: what we offer to a low carbon Europe

10. 3 December 2005 1. Rail Energy : system approach to increase energy efficiency Innovative Integrated Energy Efficiency Solutions for Railway Rolling Stock, Rail Infrastructure and Train Operation Overall Goals: To reduce the energy consumption related to operation of the railway system To contribute to the reduction of life cycle costs of railway operation To contribute to the reduction of CO 2 emission per seat km (ton km) - within a time frame of 15 years from now (2020) EU-project with more than 30 partners from universities, the rail and industry sectors

11. 3 December 2005 2. Training : more energy efficiently driving Overall Goal: Adapt the principles of the project “EnergieSparen”by German Railways: Train the drivers to drive more energy efficiently…

12. 3 December 2005 Making energy-saving driving a part of the train drivers’ everyday routine * Measured savings due to energy-saving driving patterns. Other savings effects are not taken into account.. Source: P.RBB 3 – Energy cost management (2006) Savings during train movements* DB Fernverkehr AG 200 2 200 5 (Reference year 2002 ) - 4.8% Traction current Consumption displays and driving recommendations for switching off traction help drivers to practise energy- saving driving. Training: European Project on Energy efficient driving Objectives: Several European railways in joint European project to adapt the success-story of the German Railways which reduced energy consumption by 10 % through its project EnergieSparen German railways : EnergieSparen: Energy efficient driving New Sept 2006

13. 3 December 2005 DB’s ambitious climate protection goals * assuming improvements in framework policies Since it launched its climate protection programme in 2002, DB has already cut emissions of CO 2 by 5.5 % 1990 2005 goal: -25% achieved ahead of schedule in 2002 Energy Saving Programme 2005 Climate Protection Programme 2020 CO 2 -reduction 20022020 new goal: -15% possible reduction: -25%* CO 2 -reduction

14. 3 December 2005 3. Energy Billing: incentives to drive more energy efficiently Overall Goals: 1. Establishing a common European method of measuring traction energy consumption. 2. Establishing a common European method of billing traction energy consumption between infrastructure managers and railway undertakings. Objectives: 1. Get to a fair and equal system for paying energy costs 2. Award energy efficiency

15. 3 December 2005 4. Eco-procurement: “Environmental Specifications for new Rolling Stock” UIC Leaflet “Environmental Specifications for new Rolling Stock” (2006) is: 1) - a new tool for purchasing more environmentally friendly trains 2) - offering a set of indicators to support harmonisation of the environmental procurement framework in the rail sector 3) - facilitating a more efficient process of procurement 4) – enabling railways to procure new rolling stock with a sound environmental performance more cost effectively

16. 3 December 2005 5. Biofuel: exploring state of the art in Europe Goal: 1. Check out biofuel as an alternative to diesel 2. Provide an overview of existing plans, use, technology and experiences with biofuel in the rail sector on a global scale 3. Decide a joint strategy for how to proceed with biofuel Awaiting: The sustainability criteria for production and consumption for biofuel

17. 3 December 2005 Communicating the energy advantage: Examples on tools to support modal shift & co-modality Freight transport : www.ecotransit.org web tool to compare international freight routes Passenger transport : - national tools exist, in preparation: web tool to compare international passenger routes...2. Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios Railways: what we offer to a low carbon Europe

18. 3 December 2005 EcoTransIT: Freight Traffic in Europe

19. 3 December 2005 Distances EcoTransIT – example: Gdansk - Marseille LorryTrainSea ship Feeder transport-40 km- Main line2.050 km2.080 km5.025 km

20. 3 December 2005 Rail Passenger services: Environmental Mobility Check

21. 3 December 2005 1.Short status: climate change & the transport sector 2.Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios 3.Co- modality: Sustainable transport systems 4.Internalisation of external costs 5.Railways and training Jobs in a low carbon Europe

22. 3 December 2005 1. More than reducing CO2-emissions! 2. ”Railways can not make it alone!” Develop/facilitate sustainable transport systems Cross-sectoral approach needed Production versus consumption Behaviour change/awarness campaigns Quality of life How to acheive this ”holistic” approach? 3. Co-modality: Sustainable transport systems

23. 3 December 2005 Proposal: Increased focus on the social dimension Rail sector needs to develop messages on its strong contribution to the social dimension ex through its: - safety, spatial efficiency, congestion - air quality/health - accessibility/comfort/stations - work force, labour unions and training 3. Co-modality: Sustainable transport systems

24. 3 December 2005 Simple illustration from a “sustainable development”-point a view: … the environmental pillar leads way for increased awareness: the social pillar the key to fully include the economic pillar…. Economics Environment Social Ex. Focus on: climate changes: low carbon Europe/jobs + + + A market ready to internalise the external costs!!!

25. 3 December 2005 1.Short status: climate change & the transport sector 2.Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios 3.Co-modality: Sustainable transport systems 4.Internalisation of external costs 5.Railways and training Jobs in a low carbon Europe

26. 3 December 2005 The true costs of transport: to get the prices right!!! Status in Europe: ”all” agree of the need, but not on the method... Ongoing work: EU Commission study: 1. External costs estimates (try to find the best methodology) 2. Identify policy intruments for how to internalise (tolls, ETS...) 3.Impact analysis 4. Internalisation of external costs

27. 3 December 2005 If unchecked aviation will eat full ‘climate cake’ ! If unchecked in Europe, aviation will eat all “the climate cake”!!! Source: Tyndall, Growth scenarios for EU and UK aviation, 2005 Example:

28. 3 December 2005 Tickets are one third cheaper than in 1991! Source: AEA Technology Example:

29. 3 December 2005 World maps illustrating size of population and CO 2 -emissions per country “Inspiration”…..

30. 3 December 2005 1.Short status: climate change & the transport sector 2.Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios 3.Co-modality: Sustainable transport systems 4.Internalisation of external costs 5.Railways and training Jobs in a low carbon Europe

31. 3 December 2005 1. The changing European railway sector 2. Looking into the future of rail training in Europe 5. Railways and training: ”Investing in training”

32. 3 December 2005 1. The changing European railway sector Many aspects to consider for training in railways: - Legal (ex. promoting cross border interoperability, common standards) - Technological (ex. professional requirements for new technology) - Demographic (ex. competencies transfer to new generation) - Structural (ex. access to training facilities for new rail market actors) 5. Railways and training: ”Investing in training”

33. 3 December 2005 2. Looking into the future of rail training in Europe How to meet the challenges: DG TREN has commissioned a study on the training needs and offers in the European Railway area for the next 15 years. UIC is hosting the European Network of Rail Training centres - initiative from the European Commission to provide support to European Rail Agency Railways and training: ”Investing in training”

34. 3 December 2005 - Transport needs more attention in the climate change combat & low carbon Europe - To achieve sustainable transport systems a cross sectoral approach is needed and increased focus on the value of the social dimension -The external costs of transport need to be internalised: The “Polluter Pay’s Principle” needs to be reflected in the transport market Conclusions Railways’ strong contribution to the social pillar of sustainability and the society needs to be stronger communicated and valued! Railways offer the best performance of energy consumption in terms of passenger*-& ton*kilometre and are the solution for the Kyoto targets and beyond This will create more jobs – supporting quality of life &sustainable development !!

35. 3 December 2005 sagevik@uic.asso.fr Thank you for your kind attention!