1. Studies on Sludge Management in Bangladesh Textile Sector A report submitted to the department of textile engineering southeast university

2. Submitted by: Md.sazzad hossain ID: 2009200400077 Sumit Das ID: 2009200400059 Supervisor: Dr.Arun Kanti Guha Assistant Professor, Department of Textile Engineering Southeast University Dhaka

3. Acknowledgement All the praises are for the almighty, Allah who bestowed us with the ability and potential to complete this Internship. We are highly delighted to express our regards & gratitude to honorable Professor supervising teacher Dr. Arun Kanti Guha for providing us the chance to complete our Project. I also want to express my gratitude to Prof. Syed Fakhrul Hassan, dean (acting)school of science & engineering and chairman, department of textile engineering. we would like to acknowledge our deep debt to all teachers of our university & particularly of Wet Processing Department for their kind inspiration & help, which remain as the backdrop of all our efforts.

4. Abstract Textile mill being largest industry in Bangladesh faces problem of sludge disposal. In this study attempt is made to reuse textile mill sludge on plant as a fertilizer.

5. Introduction The ready-made garment sector has become one of the largest manufacturing sectors in Bangladesh with approximately 4490 apparel manufacturing units. A semi-automated composite textile industry of 10 tons capacity produces 1250 m 3 of effluent each daywhich are being directly discharged into the surrounding channel, agricultural fields, irrigation channels, surface water For this, nearly 30 numbers of villages at Gazipur and a large number of people living near the D.N.D Embankment area are now being threatened due to the environmental degradation. So here we try to find a Suitable to manage the sludge for saving environment.

6. Aim of the present work The main objective of this investigation is to study the feasibility of reuse of textile mill sludge can be used as fertilization to minimize the costing. Very few research work is done on it so we try to establish a suitable way for managing waste sludge. Reused the sludge to make it benefited for the organization

7. Textile sludge generation and source The main cause of generation of this sludge is the use of huge volume of water either in the actual chemical processing or during re-processing in preparatory, dyeing, printing and finishing. In fact, in a practical estimate, it has been found that 45% material in preparatory processing, 33% in dyeing and 22% are re-processed in finishing. But where is the real problem? The fact is that the sludge generated in different steps is well beyond the standard and thus it is highly polluted and dangerous. This is demonstrated in following table.

8. Properties of Waste Water & sludge from Textile Chemical Processing

9. Treatment Methods Effluent can be treated in a number of different ways depending on the level of treatment required. These levels are known as Preliminary (Physical) Primary (Physical and chemical) Secondary (Biological and chemical) and tertiary (or advanced or Physical, chemical and biological.)

10. Effluent Treatment Plant Used In Bangladesh Biological Treatment : The basic units needed for biological treatment are: screening; an equalization unit; a pH control unit; an aeration unit; and a settling unit. A sludge dewatering unit may also be included. Biological treatment plants require the presence of microorganisms that are adapted to degrade the components of the effluent to be treated.

11. Typical Flow Diagram of a Biological Treatment Plant Screening unit Equilisation unit pH control unit Sedimentation unitAeration unit** Sludge Thickening unit Sludge dewatering unit Sludge disposal Treated effluent sludge Sludge recycle Liquid overflow *sludge Liquid overflow Influent Influent

12. Physico-chemical Treatment The basic units needed for a stand-alone physico-chemical treatment plant are screening, an equalization unit, a pH control unit, chemical storage tanks, a mixing unit, a flocculation unit, a settling unit and a sludge dewatering unit.

13. Typical Flow Diagram of a Physico- chemical Treatmen Screening unit Equilisation unitcoagulation unit Sedimentation unitAeration unit** Sludge Thickening unit Sludge dewatering unit Sludge disposal Treated effluent sludge Liquid overflow *sludge Liquid overflow pH control unit Influent

14. Bio-chemical Treatment The basic units needed for a physico- chemical and biological treatment plant are screening, an equalization unit, a pH control unit, chemical storage tanks, mixing units, flocculation units, a primary settling unit, an aeration unit, and a secondary settling unit.

15. Typical Flow Diagram of a Bio-chemical Treatment Plant Screening unit Equilization unit coagulation unit Primary sedimentation Flocculation unit Sludge Thickening unit Sludge dewatering unit Sludge disposal sludge Liquid overflow pH control unit influent Aeration unit** Sedimentation unit Liquid overflow Treated effluent *recycle

16. Case Study knit concern group Capacity: 3000 m3 /day Cost: 30000 tk/day Total space: 22000 sq. feet Ecotex flow rate: 125 cubic meter per hour Sludge : 650 kg per day Sludge Management: Wet Land Filling.

17. Photos of Bio-chemical ETP in knit concern

18. ECHOTEX LTD Capacity: 3600 m3 /day Cost: 35000 tk/day Total space: 25000 sq. feet Ecotex flow rate : 150 cubic meter per hour Sludge : 700 kg per day Sludge Management: Wet Land Filling.

19. Photos of Bio-chemical ETP in ECHOTEX LTD.

20. Microfibre Group Capacity: 2500 m3 /day Cost: 30000 tk/day Total space: 22000 sq. feet Ecotex flow rate: 110 cubic meter per hour Sludge : 10-15kg per day Sludge Management: Seles to Fertilizer Company.

21. Photography of Biological Microfibre Group

22. Material Plants: –Joba –Tagar –Gandharaj –Rain Tree –Mahogany Sludge

23. Result & Discucassion Photo Of Plants before Appling Sludge JOBA

24. TAGAR

25. GANDHARAJ

26. RAINTREE

27. Mahogany

28. Photo Just After Use Sludge As Fertilizer (25.7.13)

30. Photos On 2.8.13

32. Photos On 9.9.13

34. Comparison the change TAGAR Initial Condition 1 Week Later 1 Month Later

35. JOBA Initial Condition 1 Week Later 1 Month Later

36. GANDHARAJ Initial Condition 1 Week Later 1 Month Late

37. MAHOGANY Initial condition 1 Week Later1 Month Late

38. RAINTREE Initial condition 1 Week Later 1 Month Later

39. From the above picture we can say that sludge have some good impact to grow up this plant. We may take decision that sludge can be used as fertilizer also. Here we apply sludge into non crop plants. We use only Flower and Forest plants so there will no bad effect on human bodies because none of parts of the plants is used as food or else for human body. Now we can take decision that may use the sludge as a fertilizer for non crop plants. Farther research may done on crop plants and determine the food Toxicity after implementation sludge on crop plant.

40. Conclusion Solid waste management is a very serious problem in both human settlements and industrial establishments. In such circumstances, management of sludge in textile industry has now become a burning issue due to its surplus volume and undesired characteristics. The main objective of this research work was to study the suitability of utilizing sludge as a fertilizer. We found very good visual effect of using sludge as fertilization in rain tree and jasmine. As we treated sludge effect on fertilization on non crop plants heavy metal and toxicity transfer rate may not create any harmful effect on human body. The question remains how much heavy metal and toxicity transfer to the trees and how much heavy metal contents in the sludge?

41. Thank You