1. AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Prepared by: Rana Hanbali Malak Abdallah Yasmeen Awad Submitted to: Dr: Ramez Khaledi Dr: Nashaat Nassa r

2. Outline:  Introduction.  Literature review.  Objective.  Constrains and standards.  Methodology.  Results and analysis.  Discussion.  Conclusion and recommendation.

3. Introduction:  Waste water station in Nablus is a against the issue of accumulating amount of sludge in addition to the large expenses of electricity.  Energy out of sludge is a proposed solution for The Waste Water Station Treatment in Nablus, after a thoroughly that indicated for the suitability of gasification.

4. To prove the effectiveness of Gasification for sludge in Nablus. Finding a clean source of energy for the sustainability of the Station. Introduction:  Objectives

5. Litreture review: The gasification process is a cycle where hot char residue is contacted with moist sludge followed by drying and gasification The operation of a gasifier is highly dependent on its classification: 1-Fixed-bed 2-Fluidized Bed 3-Plasma Gasification  What is Gasification?

6. Constrains and standards: –The lack of access to science laboratories with modern equipments for analyzing materials and gases. –Lack of place for the operation of the device. –The standard that was used is Environmental – Protection Agency (EPA).

7. Methodology: A compact, simple and easy to fabricate design. Producing high quality gas. It’s suitable for power and thermal applications.  Down draft Gasifier:

8. Downdraft types

9. Methodology: The drum for satisfying the idea of Gas contamination. Stainless steel is the obvious choice for the inner tube. Inside the stainless steel tube the sludge can lead itself to ignition and producing gas. The usage of coal was to ignite without any risk or turning off. The small bung on the drum will be the gas outlet. C HARACTERISTIC OF G ASIFIER D ESIGN :

10. Steps of making the in house built Gasifier Methodology:

11.  Materials:  Sludge dry sample from the waste water station  Steel for the drum  Tube made of Stainless steel  J- Tubes made of Cupper  Compressor for providing oxygen  Gasket for sealing the device and keeping inside pressure Methodology:

14. All parts constructed together Methodology:

15. Results and analysis: Drying the feed stock to the appropriate moisture content between 10 – 20%. The compressor was turned on at 90 psi (9 bar). The gasifier kept on working for 2.5 hours. Conditions of Trails:

16. Experiment number Sample Weight ResultCharacteristic of Design Presence of Tar Caloric Values Primary trailUndecid ed No change in sludge condition with heavy gas Massive air volume space, Sufficient amount with gas Non 1 st Experiment1 kgLess presence of heavy gas No changeLess appearance of tar -- 2 nd Experiment0.5 kgAlmost no visual sight of colored gas with powder out put of sludge No change-- 3 rd Experiment0.5 kgUncolored gas with almost 70% of sludge disappearing to ash Reduction of spacing for the tank result in more air combustion 9548 Table of the experiment results

17. Results and analysis : Primary trials : By product Heavy Gas appearance

18. Design adjustment

19. Results and analysis : –1 kilo gram of sludge was used. –It took 30 minutes to start producing pure air. –The gas production took about 3 hours before stopping. Experiment after adjustment:

20. Results and analysis : The weight of the sample sludge = 0.5kg. Time needed to start producing gas = 14 minuit. 0.5kg of sludge can heat 15 liter water and boils it in 66 minutes. The calculation of the energy:

21. Results and analysis

22. Disscution: “Tar” is the material in the product stream that is condensable in the gasifier or in downstream processing steps or conversion devices. (The organics produced under thermal or partial-oxidation regimes (gasification) of any organic material are called “tars” and are generally assumed to be largely aromatic).

23. Cost for set up Gasifiercost $ steel drum745.01$ stainless steel tube35.1$ copper j-tubes13.5$ valves, links, joints40.5$ steel sheet27$ high temperature silicone gasket54.01$ screws and bolts6.75$ electricity for running the compressor1.05$ charcoal3.24$ Total Cost389.13$

24. Conclusions and Recommendations: This project is the first couple of steps towards reaching the main objectives. Gasification is capable of providing a clean and manageable process with the possibility of net energy gains There was no specific analysis of the emission gas in addition to the combustible gas. A suggested syngas cleanup system to be added to the device in order to preserve the environment from pollution.

25. Acknowledgement

26. Thank You