1. MC & UM Algae/Biodiesel Project Background Review Status as of May 12, 2009

2. MCES Interest in Algae CO 2 + P + N + light  GHG 1.0 -> 0.3 Hypoxia

3. Concept 1)Extract oil from algal cell mass – some species => 50% oil by weight 2)Use catalytic hydrothermal gasification on wet material to generate usable synthetic gas, heavy oil, and char

4. Project Goal Determine the technical and economic feasibility of using algae to reduce nutrient and carbon dioxide emissions and subsequently recover oil and other energy products from the algal cell mass.

5. MC Focus Phosphorus removal –MPCA proposing substantial reduction in effluent limits –Any value from cell mass reduces net cost of P removal CO 2 removal and value of credits Nitrogen removal

6. Metro Plant Schematic Scrn Grit Primary Settling Activated Sludge Aeration Final Settling Disinfect Sludge Thickening Dewatering Sludge Incineration centrate

7. Application at Metro ConcentrationMass Total N centrate 125 mg/l1,040 lb/day Soluble P centrate 190 mg/l1,580 lb/day CO 2 incineration 1.7 – lb/lb dry sludge burned 430 ton/day

8. Oil Production Potential centrate P - mg/l200measure P removal - %50assume centrate flow - mgd1known algal cell mass - % P1literature P removal - lb/day 833calculate algal cell mass produced - lb/day 83,300calculate algal cell oil content - %20assume oil recovery efficiency - %80assume oil production - lb/day 13,328calculate oil production – gal/day1,780calculate

9. UM Screening Algal Species

10. UM Bioreactor Design

11. UM/MC Harvesting Experiments

12. Metro Pilot Plant Located in SMB Door closed to protect intellectual property – reactor design

13. Experimental Reactors Reactor AReactor B Tanks44 TypePlug FlowMixed Light intensity 1.5 XX

14. Simplified Growth Model CO 2 + N + P + light O 2 + C organic + O 2 + N + P CO 2 +

15. Pilot Plant Performance* Reactor AReactor B TSS Produced497 gm/day415 gm/day STP removed47 gm/day43 gm/day STP removed67%60% * Varying wasting schedule during startup – not steady state operation

16. Project Funding Phase 1Phase 2 MC$40k$250k UM – IREE$40k$250k Xcel Energy$150k State of Minn______$500k__ Totals$230k$1,000k