1. Concentrations and Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds at Four Wastewater Plants in New York State, 2003- 2005 P. J. Phillips 1, E. T. Furlong 1, B Stinson 2, S D. Zaugg 1, S. G. Smith 1, K Esposito 2, D Kolpin 1, 1 US Geological Survey 2 Metcalf and Eddy pjphilli@usgs.gov

2. Talk Outline Review What Emerging Contaminants Are Discuss New York Wastewater Data Show ongoing Research on ECs

3. Emerging Contaminants in the News

4. Emerging Contaminants: Highly used unregulated compounds, often suspected of acting as endocrine disruptors Include: Pesticides (2,4-D) Pharmaceuticals (Fluoxetine) Detergent Degradates (para-Nonylphenol) Fragrances (AHTN) Others (Triclosan, fire retardants)

5. SH1433 USGS Method SH1433

6. DisinfectionTertiary TreatmentSecondary Biological Treatment Plant Chlorination/ Dechlorination Sand FiltrationTrickling Filter D Chlorination/ Dechlorination Sand FiltrationTwo Stage Activated Sludge C Chlorination/ Dechlorination Sand FiltrationExtended Aeration Activated Sludge B UltravioletSand/Anthracite Microfiltration Extended Aeration Activated Sludge A Wastewater Treatment Plants

7. Removal of Selected Compounds Activated sludge plants seemed to perform well Trickling filter plant (D) significantly less successful Activated sludge plants seemed to perform well Trickling filter plant (D) significantly less successful

8. Plants Vary In Ability To Reduce ECs

9. Seasonal Variability

10. M&E-USGS Research Partnership Research Agenda Stage 1  Baseline Evaluation of Emerging Contaminants Stage 2  Focus on Wastewater Treatment Processes - Characterize Influent and effluent concentrations - Seasonal variation - Upstream and downstream concentrations - Individual treatment processes

11. Research – ECs in Biosolids and Treatment

12. Research – Water Reuse in New Jersey

13. P. Stackelberg – NJ Study of ECs in Finished Water 3 to 15 compounds detected per sample Pharmaceutical/Antibiotic Flame retardant/Plasticizer Fragrance Pesticide Plant/Animal steroid Detergent metabolite PAHs Others

14. Research - Boulder Creek, CO Study <0.8 ng/L E2 2.1 ng/L E2 1.4 ng/L E2 2.9 ng/L E21.2 ng/L E2 - Hormone levels elevated downstream of WWTP - Fish community and fish health assessment to be conducted (USGS / University of Colorado)

15. Emerging Contaminants Poorly understood Have potential to affect fish reproduction May be accumulating in sludge Can be removed by advanced wastewater treatment

16. The Toxics Program: toxics.usgs.gov Emerging Contaminants: toxics.usgs.gov/regional/emc.html Dana Kolpin, Iowa City IA dwkolpin@usgs.gov Ed Furlong, Denver CO Larry Barber, Boulder CO Mike Meyer, Lawrence KS Steve Zaugg, Denver CO James Gray, Boulder CO Sheridan Haack, Lansing MI Kymm Barnes, Iowa City IA Colleen Rostad, Denver CO Mike Focazio, Reston VA Melissa Schultz, Denver CO Acknowledgements Center expertise (e.g. Gail Cordy, Betsy Frick, Kathy Lee, Pat Phillips, Doug Schnoebelen, Paul Stackelberg)