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Chapter 5
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Among the most useful of all metals Contain iron as their base metal Carbon and alloy steels Stainless steels Tool & die steels Cast irons Cast steels Ferrous metals and alloys
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A ferrous alloy, as simple as a mixture of iron and carbon, but also containing a number of alloying elements to impart various properties
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TABLE 5.1 Applications for Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels
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Sheet steel for automobiles, appliances, containers Plates for boilers, ships, bridges Structural steel such as I-beams, axles, bar products, railroad ties, crankshafts Tools, dies and molds Rods and wire for fasteners such a s bolts, rivets, nuts, and staples The average US passenger vehicle contains about 2700 lb of steel (60% of its weight) Examples of ferrous alloy uses
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AISI and SAE designate carbon and alloy steels using 4 digits. The first two digits indicate the alloying elements and their percentages The last two digits indicate the carbon content by weight ASTM has another designation system Designations for steel
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Letter gives the general class of alloy G- ANSI and SAE carbon steels J- Cast steels K-Miscellaneous steels and ferrous alloys S-stainless steels T-tool steels 5 digit number gives chemical composition UNS (Unified Numbering System) is the present system
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Classified by their proportion (by weight) of carbon content Low-carbon steel or mild steel (<.30% Carbon) Medium-carbon steel (0.3%<Carbon<0.6%) High-carbon steel(>0.6% Carbon) Resulfurized carbon steels Alloy steels – steels containing significant amounts of alloying elements Carbon Steels
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TABLE 5.2 Typical Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels
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Corrosion resistance High strength High ductility High chromium content “They are called STAINLESS because, in the presence of oxygen (air), they develop a thin, hard, adherent film of chromium oxide that protects the metal from corrosion.” Stainless Steels
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TABLE 5.5 Mechanical Properties and Typical Applications of Selected Annealed Stainless Steels at Room Temperature
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Specially alloyed steels designed for High strength Impact toughness Wear resistance at room & elevated temperatures Used in forming & machining metals Tool and Die Steels
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TABLE 5.6 Basic Types of Tool and Die Steels
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TABLE 5.7 Processing and Service Characteristics of Common Tool and Die Steels
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TABLE 5.8 Typical Tool and Die Materials for Metalworking Processes
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