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1 Industrial Ecology – Spring 2012. 2 Table of Contents Recap – Disassembly & Analysis Conclusions Redesign – Use Phase and Additional Improvements Conclusions.

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Presentation on theme: "1 Industrial Ecology – Spring 2012. 2 Table of Contents Recap – Disassembly & Analysis Conclusions Redesign – Use Phase and Additional Improvements Conclusions."— Presentation transcript:

1 1 Industrial Ecology – Spring 2012

2 2 Table of Contents Recap – Disassembly & Analysis Conclusions Redesign – Use Phase and Additional Improvements Conclusions – Total Impact Reduction

3 3 Disassembly- Explosion Diagram http://www.buyspares.co.uk/tefal/coffee-makers/896115-vitesse-coffee-maker/catalogue.pl?shop=tefal&path=290047&model_ref=41271&illustration_ref=27443

4 4 Eco Audit- Energy Summary PhaseEnergy (MJ)Energy (%)CO2 (kg)CO2 (%) Material1394.76.433.7 Manufacture30.41.02.311.3 Transport3.870.10.2750.2 Use2.77e+0394.116794.8 Disposal1.30.00.09120.1 Total (for first life)2.94e+03100176100 End of life potential-33.3 0.968 Carbon and Energy Totals

5 5 Eco Audit- Water Consumption Summary

6 6 Problem Statement – Where we left off Identify 14 Million Coffee Makers are sold each year in the United States (consumer watch) Consumer coffee makers require energy to compensate for heat loss. Hypothesize Reduce Energy Consumption during use through redesign Aim to move to insular materials to reduce waste heat Reduce energy consumption through behavioral change Implement Energy conservation by changing key components: Pot, Conductive plate and Heating element Propose Use Based conservation– How many cups do you drink compared to your waste?

7 Function, Objectives, Constraints, Free Variables Provide at home fast, easy, cost efficient coffee Function Produce hot water at appropriate temperature for coffee brewing Objective Water Resistance, heat resistance, stiffness, capacity Constraints Heating time, material choice, material thickness Free Variables

8 Redesign – Design Requirements ComponentFunctionObjectiveConstraintsFree Variables PackagingProtection/MarketingMinimize Eco- ImpactLoad < Damaging Load Material Choice, Thickness Polypropylene ShellStructure & SupportMinimize Eco- Impact and maintain cost Stiff and Strong Enough, Cost Material Choice, Thickness ElectronicsControls machine operation Minimize Eco- ImpactSimple Coffee Controls N/A Filter BasketHold Coffee GrindsMinimize Eco- ImpactStiff and Strong Enough, Cost Material Choice, Thickness Coffee PotContain and Insulate Coffee Reduce Thermal Losses Contain 8 Cups, Hold Liquid Material Choice, Thickness Heating Element & Tubing Heat the waterReduce Thermal Losses Electric – Thermal Conversion Material Choice, Thickness

9 Redesign – Coffee Pot Materials Selection

10 Redesign – Analysis of Polypropylene

11

12 Use Phase – Key Design Changes Insulated Coffee Carafe Heating Element Location Stainless Steel Reusable Filter 8-cup Water Capacity

13 Redesign: Insulating Carafe Dual shell vacuum insulation. Minimal points of contact. Minimal heat loss by conduction. Keeps coffee warm at 160F (71C) for up to 6 hours. No need for reheating of coffee

14 Redesign: Result of Insulating Carafe Heat transfer by conduction. Heat transfer is minimized by the coefficient of thermal conductivity of insular material. Heat transfer is minimized by the insulation thickness. Energy Calculations. - Input at 900watts -10min/day on time Energy = 900J/s*600s=540kJ/day -Life time = 6yrs Energy = 540kJ/day*365day*6years =1182.6MJ/lifetime Life time energy saving 2770MJ-1182.6MJ=1587MJ 57% cut in energy consumption

15 Usage Adjustments – Reusable Filters Saves up to 334.3 MJ of energy and 7.5kg of CO2 Energy (MJ) CO2 (kg) Stainless Steel Reusable Filter Total Before End of Life 7.70.5 Total After End of Life 2.00.2 Paper Filters Total336.37.7

16 Usage Adjustments – Reduction in Water Capacity Original Use Water Consumption: 93,220kg By reducing capacity to 8 cups, an estimated reduction in daily use is 2 cups Total Use = 74,661kg New Water Consumption: Water Savings: 18,559kg

17 Redesign – Analysis & Redesign of Packaging Materials Material ManufacturingTotal (MJ) Original Plastic Bag1.7MJ 0.13 0.66 MJ Styrofoam10MJ Original Total11.7MJ0.79MJ12.49 NewPLA1.546MJ0.18MJ1.726 Energy Savings 10.76

18 Redesign – Eliminating water transport in Use phase Assumptions: The entire reservoir,8 cups is transported through the machine in approximately 10 minutes The Coffee is warmed to 90.5-96C (Environmental impacts of different methods of coffee preparation by Eva Brommer,Britta Stratmann and Dietlinde Quack) Energy losses can be directly correlated to energy savings. Room temperature is 23 degrees Celsius. The tubing is a perfect cylinder of length.3556 meters Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of the Tubing is.13 W/mK (http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal- conductivity-d_429.html)

19 Redesign – Calculating Energy Gains

20 Temperature©Q (W/m)Energy LostPer YearPer Life Cycle 90.5-40.248731-8587.469264-3.1344263-18.80655769 91-40.384441-8616.424283-3.1449949-18.86996918 91.5-40.519953-8645.337254-3.1555481-18.93328859 92-40.65527-8674.208508-3.1660861-18.99651663 92.5-40.790394-8703.038368-3.176609-19.05965403 93-40.925324-8731.827154-3.1871169-19.12270147 93.5-41.060064-8760.575181-3.1976099-19.18565965 94-41.194614-8789.282762-3.2080882-19.24852925 94.5-41.328975-8817.950204-3.2185518-19.31131095 95-41.463151-8846.57781-3.2290009-19.3740054 95.5-41.59714-8875.16588-3.2394355-19.43661328 96-41.730946-8903.714709-3.2498559-19.49913521 Saves Approximately 18 MJ Per Unit

21 Redesign:

22 Redesign: Water & Heating Diagram

23 Redesign: Filter & Basket

24 Redesign: Cumulative Results ImprovementCO2 Reduction (kg) Energy Reduction (MJ) Water Consumption (kg) Insulated Pot851587N/A Packaging Materials.3510.7612 Reduction of Water Capacity N/A 18559 Relocation of Heating Element N/A18N/A

25 Conclusions- Overall Impact

26 Conclusion Comparability: Costs – New Design is in the same price bracket as original End-of-Life – Both glass and stainless steel can be recycled Significant Findings: Insulated carafe is responsible for the most dramatic energy savings Stainless steel would be an easy substitute for the glass carafe

27 Final Conclusions and Changes 1.Insulated Carafe 2.Reusable Stainless Steel Filter 3. 8-Cup Water Capacity 4.Location of the Heating Element

28 Works Cited http://www.buyspares.co.uk/tefal/coffee-makers/896115-vitesse-coffee- maker/catalogue.pl?shop=tefal&path=290047&model_ref=41271&illustration_ref=27443 http://www.statista.com/statistics/220433/life-expectancy-of-coffee-machines/ http://www.energystar.gov/ia/products/downloads/ENERGY_STAR_Scoping_Report_Coffee_Makers.pdf

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