2. 1 INF110 Visual Basic Programming AUBG Spring semester 2011 Reference books: Schneider D., An Introduction to Programming Using Visual Basic, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Inc., 7th Ed. 2008, 6th Ed. 2006 Liberty J., Learning Visual Basic.NET, O’Reilly, 2002 Any Visual Basic book available in AUBG library Course lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Svetla Boytcheva, PhD

3. 2 INF110 Visual Basic Programming AUBG Spring semester 2011 Lecture 08 Title: Visual Basic (Repetition/Iteration statements 2)

4. 3 Lecture Contents: §Reminder on Decisions/Selections §Reminder on Repetitions/Iterations §Endless Loops §Loops with GOTO §Demo programs §Practical session

5. 4 Iterations Demo programs by J.Liberty, Chapter 06, 0609-0617 Plus Practical Session INF110 Visual Basic Programming

6. 5 ReminderOnDecisions/Selections

7. 6 VBasic selection statements include If condition Then statement sequence End If If condition Then statement sequence1 Else statement sequence2 End If

8. 7 VBasic selection statements include If condition1 Then statement sequence1 ElseIf condition2 statement sequence2 ElseIf condition3 statement sequence3 Else statement sequence4 End If

9. 8 VBasic selection statements include Select Case expression Case value1 Block of one or more VB statements Case value2 Block of one or more VB Statements Case value3 Block of one or more VB statements Case value4... Case Else Block of one or more VB Statements End Select

10. 9 ReminderOnIterations/Repetitions

11. 10 Visual Basic supports the following loop structures: Do … Loop While … End While For … Next

12. 11 For i = 1 To 5... Next And its corresponding Do While equivalent i = 1 Do While i <= 5... i = i + 1 Loop

13. 12 (a) For counter=1 to 10 Console.Writeline(counter) Next (b) For counter=1 to 100 Step 10 Console.Writeline(counter) Next (c) For counter=100 to 5 Step -5 Console.Writeline(counter) Next Examples

14. 13 Variations of the Do…Loop control structure: Do … Loop 1/ Pre test loops with While and Until 2/ Post test loops with While and Until

15. 14 Pre test loops with While and Until

16. 15 Do Loops All the variations use the same basic model. A pretest loop is executed either –While condition is True. Uses While reserved word Do While condition statement-block Loop –Until condition becomes True. Uses Until reserved word Do Until condition statement-block Loop

17. 16 Examples I = 1 Do While (I <= 10) Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop How many iterations are to be run? (10) Try it

18. 17 Examples I = 1 Do Until I <= 10 Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop How many iterations are to be run? (0) Try it

19. 18 Examples to achieve the same effect I = 1 Do While (I <= 10) Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop ======================= same effect I = 1 Do Until Not(I <= 10) Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop How many iterations are to be run? (10) Try it

20. 19 Examples to achieve the same effect I = 1 Do While Not(I <= 10) Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop ======================= same effect I = 1 Do Until (I <= 10) Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop How many iterations are to be run? (0) Try it

21. 20 Post test loops with While and Until

22. 21 Do Loops All the variations use the same basic model. A posttest loop is executed either –While condition is True. Uses While reserved word Do statement-block Loop While condition –Until condition becomes True. Uses Until reserved word Do statement-block Loop Until condition

23. 22 Examples I = 1 Do Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop While (I <= 10) How many iterations are to be run? (10) Try it

24. 23 Examples I = 1 Do Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop Until (I <= 10) How many iterations are to be run? (1) Try it

25. 24 Examples to achieve the same effect I = 1 Do Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop While (I <= 10) =================== same effect I = 1 Do Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop Until Not(I <= 10) How many iterations are to be run? (10) Try it

26. 25 Examples to achieve the same effect I = 1 Do Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop While Not(I <= 10) =================== same effect I = 1 Do Console.WriteLine(I) I = I + 1 Loop Until (I <= 10) How many iterations are to be run? (1) Try it

27. 26 Endless loops with While … End While and Do … Loop

28. 27 Endless loops - examples While True statement-block End While

29. 28 Endless loops - comments The endless loops should be avoided. They must be terminated from within the own loop body with an Exit statement While True statement-block if condition Then Exit While statement-block End While

30. 29 Endless loops - examples Do statement-block Loop

31. 30 Endless loops - comments The endless loops should be avoided. They must be terminated from within the own loop body with an Exit statement Do statement-block If condition Then Exit Do statement-block Loop

32. 31 Example 6-9 Creating Loops with Goto –Using Goto

33. 32 Example 6-9 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim counterVariable As Integer = 0 repeat: ' the label Console.WriteLine("counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable) ' increment the counter counterVariable += 1 If counterVariable < 10 Then GoTo repeat ' loop implemented: control transferred back to label repeat End If End Sub 'Main End Module

34. 33 Example 6-10 The Do Loop –Using Do While

35. 34 Example 6-10 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim counterVariable As Integer = 0 Do While counterVariable < 10 Console.WriteLine("counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable) counterVariable = counterVariable + 1 Loop ' While counterVariable < 10 End Sub 'Main End Module

36. 35 Example 6-11 The Do Loop –Using Do Until

37. 36 Example 6-11 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim counterVariable As Integer = 0 Do Until counterVariable = 10 Console.WriteLine("counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable) counterVariable = counterVariable + 1 Loop ' Until counterVariable = 10 End Sub 'Main End Module

38. 37 Example 6-12 The Do Loop –Do … Loop While

39. 38 Example 6-12 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim counterVariable As Integer = 100 Do Console.WriteLine("counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable) counterVariable = counterVariable + 1 Loop While counterVariable < 10 End Sub 'Main End Module

40. 39 Example 6-13 The Do Loop –Breaking out of a Do Loop Using Exit Do

41. 40 Example 6-13 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim counterVariable As Integer = 0 Do Console.WriteLine("counterVariable: {0}", counterVariable) counterVariable = counterVariable + 1 ' test whether we've counted to 9, if so, exit the loop If counterVariable > 9 Then Exit Do End If Loop End Sub 'Main End Module

42. 41 Example 6-14 The For Loop –Using a For loop

43. 42 Example 6-14 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim loopCounter As Integer For loopCounter = 0 To 9 Console.WriteLine("loopCounter: {0}", loopCounter) Next End Sub 'Main End Module

44. 43 Example 6-15 The For Loop –Loop with a Single counter

45. 44 Example 6-15 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim loopCounter As Single For loopCounter = 0.5 To 9 Console.WriteLine("loopCounter: {0}", loopCounter) Next End Sub 'Main End Module

46. 45 Example 6-16 The For loop –Adjusting the step counter

47. 46 Example 6-16 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim loopCounter As Single For loopCounter = 0.5 To 9 Step 0.5 Console.WriteLine("loopCounter: {0}", loopCounter) Next End Sub 'Main End Module

48. 47 Example 6-17 The For Loop –Controlling a For Loop using Next Multiple updates with one Next statement

49. 48 Example 6-17 Option Strict On Imports System Module Module1 Sub Main( ) Dim outer As Integer Dim inner As Integer For outer = 3 To 6 For inner = 10 To 12 Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}", outer, inner, outer * inner) Next inner, outer End Sub 'Main End Module

50. 49 Example Run the program. Test the program. Modify the program and rerun it again.

51. 50 Practical session 3 Loops, Iterations, Repetitions

52. 51 Practical task 1 Write a program that requests a number from 1 to 20, and then displays a row of that many asterisks.

53. 52 Practical task 2 Write a program that displays a 10 by 10 table (i.e. 10 rows by 10 columns) of asterisks.

54. 53 Practical task 3 You are offered two salary options for ten days of work. Option 1: $100 per day. Option 2: $2 the first day, $4 the second day, $8 the third day, $16 the fourth day and so on, with the amount doubling each day. Write a program to determine which option pays better.

55. 54 Practical task 4 Write a program that reads in 10 student test marks (percentages) and then displays the average mark, the lowest mark and the highest mark. Use these marks: 87, 56, 73, 94, 89, 82, 85, 78, 43, 89. The list is terminated by –1.

56. 55 Practical task 4 Suppose you deposit money into a savings account and let it accumulate at 6 percent interest rate compounded annually. Write a program that reads your amount deposited and then displays when (in how many years) you will be a millionaire. Test the program with initial amount values like $10 000, $20 000, $100 000.

57. 56 Practical task 5 Write a program that reads in an odd number (between 11 and 19) and displays an inverted triangle of asterisks on the screen such that the input number is the number of asterisks in the top row, and with one asterisk in the bottom row.

58. 57 Practical task 6 Write a program to display all the numbers between 1 and 100 that are part of the Fibonacci sequence. The Fibonacci sequence begins 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …, where each new number in the sequence is found by adding the previous two numbers in the sequence.

59. 58 Practical task 7 Write a program that requests an exam grade and displays the equivalent percentage mark range. Use the scale: A = 90%-100%; B = 80%-89%; … F = 0%-59%.

60. 59 Practical task 8 Write a program that reads a number between 11 and 20 and displays a triangle of asterisks on the screen. If the input number is odd, then this is the number of asterisks in the top row – the triangle is inverted. If the input number is even, then this is the number of asterisks in the bottom row.

61. 60 Questions?

62. 61 Thank You For Your Attention!