1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Other Diseases and Disabilities Contents Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Section 3 Understanding Disabilities Chapter 15

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. What Are Hereditary Diseases? 1.Hereditary diseases: caused by abnormal chromosomes or inherited defective genes 2.Genes: segments of DNA located on a chromosome code for a specific hereditary traits 3.Mutations: changes to a gene can cause a disease or increase a person’s chances of getting a disease. Chapter 15 Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Types of Hereditary Diseases 1.Single-gene diseases occur when a single gene out of the 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the body has a harmful mutation. 2.In complex diseases, more than one gene influences the onset of the disease. Lifestyle behaviors also contribute to complex diseases. 3.Chromosomal diseases wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome Down syndrome occurs when a person has 3 copies of the 21 st chromosome instead of 2. Chapter 15 Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Coping with Hereditary Diseases 1.Genetic counseling informs a person or couple about their genetic makeup. 2.Understand the chances of passing on a hereditary disease to a child. 3.Keep personal health records and know the records of your family. 4.Stay informed with your disease (helps to cope and live productively with the disease) Chapter 15 Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases? 1.Immune disorders are the result of the immune system failing to function properly (ex: a llergies, asthma) 2.Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the immune system attacks the cells of the body that the immune system normally protects (ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis). Chapter 15 Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Types of Immune Disorders 1.Allergies are reactions by the immune system to harmless substances. 2.Asthma is an immune disorder in which the airways that carry air into the lungs to become narrow and clogged with mucus. Chapter 15 Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ALLERGIES (CAUSES):

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ASTHMA (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS):

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ASTHMA (TREATMENT):

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

11. Arthritis: Definition: inflammation of the joints Symptoms: pain Inflammation Treatment: Medication (OTC and/or Rx) Ice Physical Therapy Chapter 15 Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 1.Osteoarthritis not an autoimmune disease. Gradual breakdown of cartilage due to old age, injury, or daily activities (wear & tear). 2.Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disease the immune system destroys the lining of the joints. Chapter 15 Arthritis

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Rheumatoid arthritis

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Traumatic injuries can lead to arthritis

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The progression of arthritis

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Total knee replacement surgery

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

18. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) an autoimmune disease the immune system attacks myelin, the fatty insulation on nerves in the brain and spinal cord (hot dog and bun metaphor) Chapter 15 Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases If you are diagnosed with an immune disorder or autoimmune disease: Chapter 15 1.Be honest with your doctor. 2.Understand your disorder and your doctor’s treatment plan. 3.Follow the treatment plan. 4.Let your doctor know about new symptoms that develop. Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Anatomy of the Eye

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Anatomy of the Eye

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 1.Glaucoma increased pressure inside the eye causes impaired vision and eye damage Chapter 15 A. Disabilities that affect vision

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Glaucoma

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 2.Cataract cloudiness of lens causes impaired vision and blindness A. Disabilities that affect vision

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 3.Macular degeneration damage to an area of the retina causes impaired vision and blindness 4.Complications from Diabetes Vascular damage to structures within the eye Chapter 15 A. Disabilities that affect vision

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. B. Disorders that affect vision The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor: 1. Corneal Ulcer infection Common with misuse of contact lenses Chapter 15

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Disorders that affect vision The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor: 1. Corneal Ulcer (infection) Common with misuse of contact lenses Corneal Ulcer

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. B. Disorders that affect vision The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor: 2.Conjunctivitis (pink eye) VERY contagious (from one eye to the other, and from person to person Chapter 15

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Conjunctivitis

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: 1.Corneal Laceration

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: 2.Hyphema (blood in anterior chamber of eye)

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: 3.Facial Fracture Traps or impinges muscles Prevents normal movement & tracking

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: 4.Ruptured Globe

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Near / Far sightedness

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Anatomy of the Inner Ear

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Disabilities Involving Hearing A.28 million Americans are affected 1.Hearing impairment: Nerve damage Results from exposure to high volumes 2.Tinnitus buzzing or ringing in the ears that is caused by exposure to loud noise 3.Hearing loss caused by genetic factors, medicines, and infections and exposure to loud noise B.Treatment options include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Chapter 15 Section 3 Understanding Disabilities

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Hearing

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Ruptured Ear Drum (Tympanic Membrane)

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Balance

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Disabilities Involving Movement 1.Spinal cord injuries (paralysis) a)Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower body. b)Quadriplegia is paralysis of the upper and lower body. 2.Multiple Sclerosis 3.Parkinson’s disease 4.ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease) 5.Tourette’s syndrome Chapter 15 Section 3 Understanding Disabilities

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Osteoporosis

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Coping with Disabilities A.Understanding and learning to deal with disabilities in a positive way helps make living with a disability easier. B.The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1.Federal legislation intended to make American society more accessible to people with disabilities. 2.Businesses must comply with Federal mandates (handicapper ramps, parking, restroom facilities, etc) Chapter 15 Section 3 Understanding Disabilities

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Chapter 15