1. Chapter 5 Heredity and Diseases

2. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Types of Hereditary Diseases (Dominant)  Polydactyly: Extra fingers or toes  Achondroplasia: Defective formation of cartilage causing dwarfism.  Marfan Syndrome: System cannot support functions – multisystemic – no cure.  Familial Hypercholesterolemia: High cholesterol, causes cardiovascular diseases.

3. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Types of Hereditary Diseases (Recessive)  Phenylketonuria: Mental Retardation  Galactosemia: Mental Retardation from build up of galactose causing development problems in brain, liver and eyes.  Sickle-cell Anemia: Deformed shape of red blood cells blocking flow of normal blood cells.  Tay-Sachs: Progressive mental retardation and physical regression.  Albinism: Lack of melanin (color) in skin and hair.

4. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Types of Hereditary Diseases (Sex-linked)  Color Blindness: Cannot distinguish reds and greens.  Hemophilia: Blood-clotting disorder.  Fragile X-Syndrome: Mental retardation due to breakage of the X chromosome.  Familial Diseases  Epilepsy  Diabetes  Allergies  Cardiovascular diseases

5. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Types of Hereditary Diseases (Abnormal Chromosome)  Down Syndrome  Extra Autosomal chromosome  Slanted eyes  Coarse tongue  Short, flat nose  Underdeveloped sex organs  Short life expectancy  Cri Du Chat Syndrome  Small head, deficiency in brain tissue  Weak, cat-like cry

6. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Congenital Diseases  Appear at birth or shortly after.  Result from failure in developmental stage, not from chromosome abnormality or genetics.  Factors  Inadequate oxygen  Drugs/Alcohol  Maternal infection  Malnutrition  Radiation