1. Cells

2. Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.
Cells come only from other living cells.

3. Contributing Scientists
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope and observed tiny living things in water
Robert Hooke: Came up with the term “cell” after observing that they were like tiny chambers.
Francesco Redi: Proved that living things cannot be produced from non-living matter.
Louis Pasteur: Discovered that cells only come from other living cells.

4. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus
Hereditary information in the cytoplasm
Example: Bacteria
Have a nucleus
Hereditary information is in the nucleus
Example: Animals, plants, etc.

5. Organelles The parts of a plant or animal cell.
Like organs in our bodies

6. Cell Wall Only found surrounding plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.
Made of cellulose
Is rigid strong and stiff
Provides support and protection
Like a wall surrounding a medieval city

7. Cell Membrane Surrounds all cells
In a plant cell it is behind the cell wall
In an animal cell it is the outermost boundary
Provides cell with protection, controls movement of materials in and out of the cell, and support.
Like the border of a city.

8. Nucleus Found in both plant and animal cells Large oval shape
Controls cell activities
Contains genetic information (DNA)
Like City Hall

9. Cytoplasm Found in both plant and animal cells
Clear, thick, jelly-like
Located inside the cell membrane
Supports and protects cell organelles
Its like sidewalks and roads found throughout a city

10. Golgi Apparatus Found in both plant and animal cells
Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes
Processes and packages molecules that are made in the cell
Its like the post office

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found in both plant and animal cells
Network of tubes
Transports materials throughout the cell
Two types
Smooth (no ribosomes)
Rough (covered in ribosomes)
Like the city’s highway system.

12. Ribosomes Found in both plant and animal cells Produces proteins
The smallest organelle
Its like a lumber yard or Home Depot, supplying the city with what its made of.

13. Mitochondria Found in both plant animal cells Looks like a jelly bean
Breaks down sugar molecules to release usable energy
Has inner foldings like hallways.
Its like the city’s powerplant

14. Vacuoles Found in both plant and animal cells Fluid filled sacs
Plant: very few and very large
Animal: many little ones
Fluid filled sacs
Stores food, water, and waste
Like a warehouse, water tower, and garbage dump

15. Lysosomes Found in animal cells Small and round
Breaks food down into smaller parts
Digests old cell parts
Like a recycling center

16. Chloroplasts Found in plant cells Oval shaped Green
Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant
Like solar panels