2. chomp! English 105 – Tosspon, Mtg 5 Turn in: Research Scaffold C/C Vocab Grammar log; Narr Verb Tense ShiftsVerb Tense Shifts Citing SourcesCiting Sources Finding quality sources CARSFinding quality sources CARS Inserting quotes in YOUR paperInserting quotes in YOUR paper English 105 – Tosspon, Mtg 5 Turn in: Research Scaffold C/C Vocab Grammar log; Narr VerbVerb Tense Shifts CitingCiting Sources FindingFinding quality sources CARS InsertingInserting quotes in YOUR paper

3. chomp! This presentation is brought to you by Grammar Bytes!, ©2012 by Robin L. Simmons. This presentation is brought to you by Grammar Bytes!, ©2012 by Robin L. Simmons.

4. Tense Shift Do I use the present tense to maintain consistency ? Do I use the present tense to maintain consistency ? Or do I need the past tense instead? Or do I need the past tense instead?

5. This presentation covers recognizing appropriate verb tenses for a given time frame or context. This presentation covers recognizing appropriate verb tenses for a given time frame or context.

6. A tense shift item on an objective test might look like this...

7. Sample Item When King was a puppy, he chewed toys and furniture. Now that he is an adult, he wanted to chew the mail carrier most of all. A.is B.was C.wants D.No change is necessary. When King was a puppy, he chewed toys A and furniture. Now that he is an adult, he B wanted to chew the mail carrier most of all. C A.is B.was C.wants D.No change is necessary. When King was a puppy, he chewed toys A and furniture. Now that he is an adult, he B wants to chew the mail carrier most of all. C A.is B.was C.wants D.No change is necessary. Is was, is, or wanted in the wrong tense? Is was, is, or wanted in the wrong tense? Wanted should be present tense, a correction option C makes. Wanted should be present tense, a correction option C makes.

8. Use present/present perfect tense to indicate current/regular action. Jeffrey goes to the gym six days a week where he has gained not only muscle but also discipline. Present tense: verb + s = singular; verb + Ø = plural. Present perfect tense: has or have + past participle Present tense: verb + s = singular; verb + Ø = plural. Present perfect tense: has or have + past participle I have gained attention from women too! I have gained attention from women too!

9. Jeffrey had lifted free weights for over an hour before someone mentioned the rip in his shorts. Use past perfect to indicate a past action that occurred before another past action. It’s a good thing I have cute glutes. It’s a good thing I have cute glutes. Past tense: regular = verb + ed; irregular forms vary. Past perfect tense: had + past participle Past tense: regular = verb + ed; irregular forms vary. Past perfect tense: had + past participle

10. Jeffrey was showing off when he tore a muscle in his shoulder. Use progressive tenses to indicate an ongoing action that occurs as another action happens. Progressive tenses: form of be + verb + ing Ouch! Ouch!

11. When logic permits, you can mix past/present tenses with future. Because he went to the gym today, Jeffrey will reward himself with a triple bacon cheeseburger for lunch. After he weighs himself tomorrow, he will regret the poor food choice. Because I ate badly, I will have to do more crunches at the gym. Because I ate badly, I will have to do more crunches at the gym.

12. Could/would = past tense of can/will. Jeffrey thought he will have enough energy for his workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he cannot complete his training. You would have had the same problem! You would have had the same problem! Jeffrey thought he will have enough energy for his workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he cannot complete his training. Jeffrey thought he would have enough energy for his workout, but skipping breakfast meant that he could not complete his training.

13. Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose “No change is necessary.” You think you’re tough? Show me your tense strength. You think you’re tough? Show me your tense strength.

14. Item 1 Aunt Lillian had frozen four quarts of her homegrown strawberries, but she lost them after the hurricane was knocking out power for eight days. A.froze B.had lost C.knocked D.No change is necessary. Aunt Lillian had frozen four quarts of her A homegrown strawberries, but she lost them after B the hurricane was knocking out power for eight Cdays. A.froze B.had lost C.knocked D.No change is necessary. Aunt Lillian had frozen four quarts of her A homegrown strawberries, but she lost them after B the hurricane knocked out power for eight Cdays. A.froze B.had lost C.knocked D.No change is necessary.

15. Item 2 Because Sammy had been eating all of the chocolate mint ice cream before she got home, Roxanne whacked him over the head. A.ate B.was eating C.had eaten D.No change is necessary. Because Sammy had been eating all of the chocolate mint ice cream before she got home, Roxanne whacked him over the head. A.ate B.was eating C.had eaten D.No change is necessary. Because Sammy had been eating all of the chocolate mint ice cream before she got home, Roxanne whacked him over the head. A.ate B.was eating C.had eaten D.No change is necessary.

16. Item 3 Carlos pawed at his hair and shook his head, but he cannot dislodge the giant spider tangled in his curls. A.was pawing B.was shaking C.could not D.No change is necessary. Carlos pawed at his hair and shook his head, but A B A B he cannot dislodge the giant spider tangled in C his curls. A.was pawing B.was shaking C.could not D.No change is necessary. Carlos pawed at his hair and shook his head, but A B A B he could not dislodge the giant spider tangled in C his curls. A.was pawing B.was shaking C.could not D.No change is necessary.

17. Item 4 Grandpa planted a backyard garden, hoping that it was helping with the high cost of food. A.will help B.would help C.helped D.No change is necessary. Grandpa planted a backyard garden, hoping that it was helping with the high cost of food. A.will help B.would help C.helped D.No change is necessary. Grandpa planted a backyard garden, hoping that it was helping with the high cost of food. A.will help B.would help C.helped D.No change is necessary.

18. Item 5 When Gretchen was a freshman, she wanted to major in biology, but after her first rat dissection, she couldn’t change her major fast enough. A.had been B.was wanting C.cannot D.No change is necessary. When Gretchen was a freshman, she wanted to A B A B major in biology, but after her first rat dissection, she couldn’t change her major fast enough. C A.had been B.was wanting C.cannot D.No change is necessary. When Gretchen was a freshman, she wanted to A B A B major in biology, but after her first rat dissection, she couldn’t change her major fast enough. C A.had been B.was wanting C.cannot D.No change is necessary.

19. Item 6 Everyone is sleeping soundly when Brendan dropped the glass pitcher of lemonade on the stone tiles of the kitchen floor. A.had been sleeping B.slept C.would sleep D.No change is necessary. Everyone is sleeping soundly when Brendan dropped the glass pitcher of lemonade on the stone tiles of the kitchen floor. A.had been sleeping B.slept C.would sleep D.No change is necessary. Everyone is sleeping soundly when Brendan dropped the glass pitcher of lemonade on the stone tiles of the kitchen floor. A.had been sleeping B.slept C.would sleep D.No change is necessary.

20. Item 7 Ancient Egyptians spent their entire lives preparing for their death and burial. Today, however, people are thinking that such arrangements are morbid and impolite to discuss. A.were spending B.think C.would be D.No change is necessary. Ancient Egyptians spent their entire lives preparing A for their death and burial. Today, however, people are thinking that such arrangements are morbid B C B C and impolite to discuss. A.were spending B.think C.would be D.No change is necessary. Ancient Egyptians spent their entire lives preparing A for their death and burial. Today, however, people think that such arrangements are morbid B C B C and impolite to discuss. A.were spending B.think C.would be D.No change is necessary.

21. Item 8 When Felicia saw the turtle trying to cross the busy road, she leaped out of her car and had carried the reptile to safety at the other side. A.was carrying B.carried C.will carry D.No change is necessary. When Felicia saw the turtle trying to cross the busy road, she leaped out of her car and had carried the reptile to safety at the other side. A.was carrying B.carried C.will carry D.No change is necessary. When Felicia saw the turtle trying to cross the busy road, she leaped out of her car and had carried the reptile to safety at the other side. A.was carrying B.carried C.will carry D.No change is necessary.

22. Item 9 George Washington believed that he was invincible in battle. He rode a conspicuous white horse that made him an easy target, yet no bullet had hit him, validating his conviction of invulnerability. A.had believed B.was riding C.hit D.No change is necessary. George Washington believed that he was invincible A in battle. He rode a conspicuous white horse that B made him an easy target, yet no bullet had hit him, C validating his conviction of invulnerability. A.had believed B.was riding C.hit D.No change is necessary. George Washington believed that he was invincible A in battle. He rode a conspicuous white horse that B made him an easy target, yet no bullet hit him, C validating his conviction of invulnerability. A.had believed B.was riding C.hit D.No change is necessary.

23. Item 10 We would have bite marks on our ankles and scratches on our thighs ever since adopting Nelson, our feisty kitten. A.had B.have C.will have D.No change is necessary. We would have bite marks on our ankles and scratches on our thighs ever since adopting Nelson, our feisty kitten. A.had B.have C.will have D.No change is necessary. We would have bite marks on our ankles and scratches on our thighs ever since adopting Nelson, our feisty kitten. A.had B.have C.will have D.No change is necessary.

24. Quoting & Citing With a lil bit of “finding quality sources” thrown in

25. QuotingQuoting  Pg 393  Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. Direct quotation. Finally, determining which frog had committed the atrocity she shouted, “Off with his head!” (Burton 26:52).Direct quotation. Finally, determining which frog had committed the atrocity she shouted, “Off with his head!” (Burton 26:52). MLA style citation

26. ParaphrasingParaphrasing  Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. Paraphrase. In Chapter 11 of Into the Wild, Walt, McCandless’s father, remembers an early hike with twelve-year-old Chris. They made it to 13,000 feet before turning back from the 14,256-foot summit in Colorado. Chris did not want to quit, and complained all the way down (Krakauer, 109).Paraphrase. In Chapter 11 of Into the Wild, Walt, McCandless’s father, remembers an early hike with twelve-year-old Chris. They made it to 13,000 feet before turning back from the 14,256-foot summit in Colorado. Chris did not want to quit, and complained all the way down (Krakauer, 109).

27. SummarizingSummarizing  Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. Summary. In Into the Wild, Krakauer seems to be working out his own past and his relationship with his father as well as telling the sad story of Chris McCandless. Because Krakauer, too, is a man of the outdoors, he understands something about the call of the wild.

28. Practice Paraphrase, Quote, Summary  Handout

29. Practice “Natural Remedies” 1. Many foods can help mild to moderate nausea. Ginger and fruit are examples of foods that can help an individual feel better. 2. Pectin, found in apples, peaches, plums, and carrots, can help decrease nausea. 3. “Ginger…[is a] very powerful plant that works on the digestive tract” (Greening 18).

30. Using Quotes/Paraphrases  Your quote can’t make your point for you. YOU must make your point.  Use a quote, tell the reader WHAT it shows and why.

31. Try it on YOUR quote(s)  Fill out a paragraph organizer for YOUR main points/ quotes

32. Obvious Plagiarism  buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper (including, of course, copying an entire paper or article from the Web);  hiring someone to write your paper for you; and copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation.

33. Cite It  Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium  Information you gain through interviewing or conversing with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in writing  When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase  When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials  When you reuse or repost any electronically-available media, including images, audio, video, or other media

34. DON’T Cite It  Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a subject  When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or field experiments  When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio, etc.  When you are using "common knowledge," things like folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and historical events (but not historical documents)  When you are using generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted within particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of composition studies, "writing is a process" is a generally-accepted fact.

35. Must Cite in 2 places: In-text Works Cited Page (also known as ‘parenthetical documentation’) In other words- in parentheses. Your in-text citations work with your bibliography (works cited) page to identify where any quotes or ideas borrowed from another author came from. “References in the text MUST clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited.” - MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6 th ed.

36. Halio, Jay L., "Elizabethan Age." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006. HF-L High School. 1 Apr 2006. Life in Elizabethan England. Summer 2005. 31 Mar 2006 <http://renaissance.dm.net/compendium>. Pressley, J. M. "An Encapsulated Biography." Shakespeare Resource Center, February 10, 2005. 3 Mar 2006. http://www.bardweb.net/man.html Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969. Thomas, Heather. The Life in Times of Queen Elizabeth I. 23 Mar 2006. 1 Apr 2006. Works Cited

37. In the body of the paper, it looks like this: When Mercutio is wounded, he screams “A plague on both your houses!” referring to both the Capulets and the Montagues (Shakespeare 70). In the body of the paper, it looks like this: When Mercutio is wounded, he screams “A plague on both your houses!” referring to both the Capulets and the Montagues (Shakespeare 70). In-text citations: Direct Quote Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969. Print.

38. Direct Quotes

39. A. On September 11, 2001, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked by hijacked airplanes. B. Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English. A. On September 11, 2001, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked by hijacked airplanes. B. Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English.

40. B was correct: it is specific and not commonly known  How would you cite it? In the text of your paper:  Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English (National Commission 160). In the Works Cited: National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004.

41. Which of THESE do you need to cite? A. “The science labs at East St. Louis High School are 30 to 50 years outdated.” B. When public schools were segregated, conditions were not equal.

42. How would you cite it? In-body:  “The science labs at East St. Louis High School are 30 to 50 years outdated” (Kozol 27). In the Works Cited: Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. Print.

43. Good Sources/Bad Sources  Do NOT use wikipedia as a cited source. Because anyone can change anything Because anyone can change anything  Sources that end in.edu or.gov are more reliable.  News agencies often end in.com  Beware of.org,.com, and.net websites. Sometimes can be used to show people’s opinions. Should NOT be used for facts unless reputable source such as news site. Sometimes can be used to show people’s opinions. Should NOT be used for facts unless reputable source such as news site. No more than 25% of your paper should be quotes

44. CARSCARS Is your web source  Credible  Accurate  Reliable  Supported  See handout, analyze 1 source YOU used.  Sometimes you may use a non-credible source, if you are quoting an opinion and state it as such in your paper.

45. Quotation Punctuation  Period goes AFTER the quote Citation: use 1 st thing in the Works Cited page (usually author’s last name or article title)

46. Works Cited  Use www.easybib.com www.easybib.com  Make sure ALL information is correct  Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007

47. Computer Room Assignments 1.CARS worksheet (due today) 2.Research Scaffold (due today)  Title of the article  Author of the article  Source of the article  Date the article published 3. Review your Narrative grade (emailed to you if you submitted on time) Begin working on Grammar log (due next class meeting)

48. HomeworkHomework  Compare/Contrast Rough Draft  Grammar Log for Narrative

49. Peer Revision: Compare/Contrast  Use the Handout  Author: Remember to respond (questions 17-29) Author- you are asked to write a different STYLE of intro and a different STYLE of conclusion (see chpt 4)Author- you are asked to write a different STYLE of intro and a different STYLE of conclusion (see chpt 4) If you used a personal story, try using a quote! If you used a call to action, try using an anecdote! If you used a personal story, try using a quote! If you used a call to action, try using an anecdote!