1. Energy F Read Ch 9 & 10 Lec 17 25Feb02 http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie

2. Regional Total Energy Consumption Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 25 countries

3. Regional Total Energy Consumption EE/FSU Asia Latin America Africa mid-East Over half the world’s energy consumption

4. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC Formed 1960 controls 75% of worlds oil reserves

5. OPEC meets next on March 15

6. The new race for oil the Caspian Sea

7. Pipelines?

10. Energy Consumption (1998) Per capita (as tons of oil) USA7.86 Canada7.61 Germany4.11 France4.05 Japan3.72 S. America0.67 Africa0.33

11. Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage 30% of North American energy usage mostly for air conditioning refrigeration space heating water heating

12. Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage 30% of North American energy usage but in less developed countries mostly for cooking

13. Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage Industrial Use ~ 30% in U.S. more efficient in MDC’s

14. Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage Industrial Use Transportation use

16. Transportation Energy Use (1998) Per capita (gigajoules) USA106 Holland 41

17. Transportation Energy Use (1998) Per capita (gigajoules) USA106 Holland 41 Japan 28 Mexico 17 Zimbabwe 4 India 2

18. Transportation Energy Use In U.S.: government subsidies Although rail & bus transport is twice as energy efficient for highways & trucking U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply

19. Transportation Energy Use U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply The automobiles of the rest of the world consume 7% of world’s oil Public transportation is more energy efficient

20. Energy Conservation ? Environmental protection Security Economic dependence on OPEC

21. Hybrid automobiles 60+ mpg

22. Hybrid automobiles 60+ mpg

23. Fuel Cells Hydrogen & oxygen as fuel

24. Energy Conservation ?

25. Resources & Reserves Resource a naturally occurring substance which potentially can be extracted Reserves - known deposits which can be extracted now with existing technology under present economic conditions

27. changes in reporting since 1989, reserves constant new discoveries = consumption

28. Oil supplies

29. When will we run out of oil? Geologists: 80% of current production from fields discovered before 1973

30. When will we run out of oil? Geologists: 80% of current production from fields discovered before 1973 Industrialists: innovative technologies in extraction, production, and usage peak in 2010 peak 2050 - 2100

31. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

33. snow 9 months of year coastal plain

34. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

36. 95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels USGS: 5% probability: 9.38 billion barrels 3.2 billion barrels = 6 months U.S. oil usage

37. Oil Use Issues Petrochemical industry is the major contributor to air pollution Every gallon of gasoline burned releases 20 lbs of CO 2 Nitrogen oxides released cause smog & acid rain