1. New World Experiments: England’s 17th Century Colonies
Oseas Romero
AP US History
Stafford High School

2. Breaking Away Rapid social change in 17th century England
English population is mobile
Different motives for immigration
Religious versus economic
Personal: escaping bad marriages, jail sentences, or poverty
Enclosure movement created a large groups of vagrants

3. English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution
Stuart Monarchy vs. Parliament
Charles I beheaded
Oliver Cromwell made Lord Protector
Stuarts restored with Charles II, 1660
Glorious Revolution, 1688
William and Mary Replace James II
Established that monarchs must rule alongside Parliament

4. Stuart Monarchs

5. Four Colonial Subcultures
Chesapeake
New England
Middle Colonies
Carolinas
These four colonial subcultures will go on to be divided into three
Southern Colonies

6. Chesapeake Richard Hakluyt
Colonies make great profit for investors
Free England from dependence on rival power for valuable commodities
Anti-Catholicism prompted English people to challenge Spain’s dominance in New World

7. Chesapeake Colonies , 1640

8. Virginia Joint-stock companies provided financing
English stockholders in Virginia Company expected instant profits
This did not happen
Jamestown settled in 1607
Complete disaster, built near swamp
Director competition from the expansive Powhattan tribe
Colonist did not work for the common good

9. Everything Out of Control
—John Smith arrives and imposes order
Harsh, but keeps the survivors alive
1609—London Company reorganizes colonial government
1610—”Starving Time” ended by arrival of Lord De La Warr, fresh settlers, and martial law

10. Stinking Weed 1610—John Rolfe introduced tobacco
Marries Pocahontas, changes her name to Rachel and dies shortly after giving birth to a son
1618—Reforms of Edwin Sandys
House of Burgesses instituted for Virginia self-government
Head right: 50-acre lot granted to each colonist who paid his own transportation, or for each servant brought into the colony
Allowed development of huge estates

11. Where are the Ladies?
Population increase prevented by imbalanced sex ratio
3,570 colonists to Virginia, 1619–1622
Men outnumbered women 6:1 after 1619
Creates a vagabond culture in the colonies
Men are willing to pick up everything and move on every couple of years
Contagious disease killed settlers
1618: Virginia population numbered 700
1618–1622: 3,000 immigrated
1622: Virginia population numbered 1,240
Indentured servants denied promised land
1622—Powhattan attack killed 347 settlers

12. Corruption and Reform
Problems of colony blamed on greed and mismanagement of London Company
1624—King James I dissolved London Company
Virginia became a royal colony
House of Burgesses continued to meet
Burgesses created County Courts

13. Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics
Initiated by Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) as refuge for English Catholics
1632—Calvert’s son Cecilius (second Lord Baltimore) gained charter to Maryland
Required toleration among Catholics and Protestants
Wealthy Catholics unwilling to relocate in America
Common settlers demanded greater voice in Maryland government
Protestants refused to tolerate Catholics and seized control in 1655
Scattered riverfront settlements of poor tobacco planters

14. New England 1630-1640—16,000 immigrated Puritans’ view of their colony
Settlers usually came as family units
Area would be settled generally health
Puritans’ view of their colony
A City on a Hill”
Success as part of covenant with God
“Beacon of righteousness” to the world
Church attendance required, but membership not automatic
Public confession and execution of criminals
Government by elected representatives responsible to God
All adult male church members could vote
Ministers had nor formal role and were not allowed to hold office
Town was center of Puritan Life

15. Limits of Religious Dissent
Laws and Liberties, 1648
Codified rights and responsibilities of all citizens
Engendered public trust in government
Kept magistrates from arbitrary rule
Puritans did not tolerate religious dissent
Roger Williams would object
Questioned validity of colony’s charter
Advocated toleration of religious beliefs
Expelled to Rhode Island in 1636

16. Limits of Religious Dissent
Anne Hutchinson
Claimed that divine intervention came through the Holy Spirit and not through good works
Implied that the Puritan ministers of the colonies were no better than the Church of England
Questioned the views and leadership of the established Church
Contradicted the expressed views of male clergymen
Women were not allowed to challenge the decisions of males during this time
Banished to Rhode Island in 1637

17. New World Colonies: The Ultimate Experiment
COLONIAL STOCK PROSPECTUS – 2014
Project will be explained September 5th, 2014