1. Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities to deal with international migration 22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations Migration Section, Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) United Nations, New York International migration in Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean

2. Context   The High–level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2006 established that international migration could be a triple win   The informal thematic debate on international migration and development in May 2011 confirmed that strengthening capacities and improving the evidence base were central to reaping the full benefits of international migration High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2013

3. Outline 1.Levels and trends in international migrant stocks 2. Levels and trends in international migration flows 3. The characteristics of migrants: age and sex 4. The demographic impact of international migration 5. Policies on immigration and emigration

4. Stocks and flows of international migration Migrant stocks Refers to the number of “foreign born” or “foreigners” living in a specific country at a specific date. Migration flows Refers to the event of moving, from one country (origin) to another (destination) in a given period of time (ex. 5 years).

5. 1. Levels and trends in international migrant stocks

6. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Migrant stock by major area of destination, 2010 (percentage) Where do the 214 million international migrants worldwide live? … 19.3 million … 7.5 million … 69.8 million

7. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Migrant stock by major area of origin, 2010 (percentage) Where do international migrants come from? …31.4 million …33 million … 60.7 million

8. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage) Africa and LAC generate more migrants than they receive By major area of origin By major area of destination 12.2 million 25.5 million

9. Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage) To the same major area, but in a different country To a country in a different major area Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional

10. Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage) To the same major area, but in a different country To a country in a different major area Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional AfricaEurope Other major areasLAC 97 thousand to Africa 32 thousand to LAC

11. Intra-regional migration from Africa and LAC Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 From LAC (4.6 million migrants in 2010) From Africa (17.2 million migrants in 2010)

12. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 … of which 97 per cent to Northern America … of which 67 per cent to Asia From LAC (28.4 million migrants in 2010) From Africa (14.3 million migrants in 2010) Extra-regional migration from Africa and LAC

13. While international migrant stocks increased between 1990 and 2010 … Millions Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 20 per cent increase 40 per cent increase 20101990 Africa LACEuropeOther major areas

14. … refugees did not contribute to the growth in migrant stock in Africa and LAC Millions Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Africa LACEuropeOther major areas Refugees 20101990

15. 2. Levels and trends in international migration flows

16. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 to 2008 (millions) Immigration to Europe has increased since 2000 Millions

17. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 and 2008 (percentage) Only one-fifth of immigrants to Europe come from Africa and LAC 2008 (3.3 million migrants) 2000 (2.1 million migrants)

18. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Top five countries of origin of immigrants from Africa and LAC to Europe Percentage LACAfrica 2000-20042005-2008

19. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Immigration to Europe and emigration from Europe by sub-region of origin, 2002 to 2008 (thousands) Migrants from Africa and LAC often engage in circular and return migration Thousands Southern AmericaNorthern Africa Emigrants Immigrants … 60 per cent of immigration from Africa in 2008 … 82 per cent of immigration from LAC in 2008

20. 3. The characteristics of international migrants: age and sex

21. Is international migration becoming more feminized? Percentage Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

22. Foreigners immigrating to Europe by age and major area of origin, 2008 (percentage) Half of all immigrants are aged between 20 to 34 Percentage LAC Total Africa

23. International migrants in Africa are relatively young … Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

24. … while they are older in Latin America and Europe Percentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

25. Compared to the total population, international migrants of working age are overrepresented in Africa … Total population, 2010 (1,033 million) Migrant stock, 2010 (19.3 million) Female migrants Male migrants All females All males Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 % 65+

26. … and in Europe Total population, 2010 (733 million) Migrant stock, 2010 (69.8 million) Female migrants Male migrants All females All males Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 % 65+

27. Total population, 2010 (589 million) Migrant stock, 2010 (7.5 million) Female migrants Male migrants All females All males Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 % 65+ … while migrants over age 65 are overrepresented in Latin America and the Caribbean

28. … while older international migrants are predominantly female in Europe and Latin America In Africa, international migrants of working age are predominantly male … Europe LAC Percentage Female migrants as a percentage of total international migrant stock by age, 2010 More males than females Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Equal percentage of males and females Africa

29. 3. The demographic impact of international migration

30. In Africa, the impact of international migration on the size of the working age population is small 17 million Without migration With migration Millions Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Africa

31. 20 million Without migration With migration Millions Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 LAC

32. Without international migration, the working age population in Europe would decline by 9 per cent by 2050 32 million Without migration With migration Millions Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

33. Without international migration, the working age population in 2050 would decline by 10 per cent or more in 16 countries in Europe Countries in Europe most affected by population decline among those aged 20-64 in the absence of international migration by 2050 (percentage) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

34. 5. Policies on immigration and emigration

35. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010 Fewer countries are seeking to curb international migration than in the past Percentage of countries 20091996 Governments with policies to lower immigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage)

36. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010 Policies to reduce emigration have become less prevalent, except in Africa Percentage of countries 20091996 Governments with policies to lower emigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage)

37. Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010 Promoting integration is a priority among European Governments Percentage of countries Governments with policies to integrate non-citizens, 2009 (percentage)

38. Conclusions 1.Migration is predominantly intra-regional in Africa and Europe and extra-regional in LAC 2.International migration for economic and social reasons increased between 1990 and 2010, while forced migration declined 3.Europe receives fewer migrants from Africa and LAC than from other major areas 4.While half of all international migrants are women, the proportion of women migrants to all migrants has declined, except in Africa and LAC 5. Migrants are older in Europe and LAC and younger in Africa 6. International migration has a significant impact on the size of the working-age population in Europe 7. Policies on immigration and emigration have become less restrictive since the 1990s