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Published byElfrieda Payne Modified over 9 years ago
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G ENE R EGULATION The turning on and off of genes Allows organisms to respond to environmental changes Ex: lac Operon in bacteria
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E. C OLI AND L ACTOSE E. coli uses 3 enzymes to metabolize lactose. 2 control sequences are located next to the lactase enzymes Promoter – site where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription Operator – acts as a switch (determining whether RNA polymerase can attach to promoter and start transcription)
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O PERON A cluster of genes with related functions, promoter, and an a operator Occurs in prokaryotes
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R EPRESSOR Protein that functions by binding to the operator Blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter region Molecule that turns off transcription Cells have a regulatory gene to make the repressor
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A CTIVATORS Proteins that turn operons on by binding to DNA Makes it easier for the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter Allows bacteria to survive in frequently changing environments.
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E UKARYOTES AND G ENE E XPRESSION Each eukaryote gene has its own promoter and other control sequences The default state for most genes tend to be “off”
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