1. INTEROPERABILITY OF BIOMETRIC INFORMATION
Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, & Scar Mark & Tattoo (SMT) Information
ANSI/NIST-ITL
NIST SP
R. M. McCabe
January 16-17, 2002
M1/

2. FINGERPRINTS FBI & NBS/NIST
1924 FBI Establishes ID Division - 810K cards
1966 FBI - Can’t Handle Work Volume
1967 AFIS Project started
Automatic Fingerprint Identification System
NIST developed the 1st AFIS technology
Developed tenprint matchers used by the FBI
All based on minutiae
Compensated for stretching, shrinking, & distortion
Developed latent matchers

3. NEED FOR FINGERPRINT INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS
Five Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) deployed at FBI by 1981
State, local, & federal agencies acquired AFIS
Differences in minutiae metrics
Live-scan technology developed in the 80s
Process fingerprints from dissimilar systems
Common fingerprint data interchange standard to eliminate need for exchanging physical evidence
Required for communication with the FBI’s IAFIS

4. Marked Minutiae

5. MINUTIA POSITION End ‘84 @ int conf need for stnd agreed on
Keyed on standardizing minutia data
Define
ridge ending / bifurcation
either rep the same way
Defined by X-Y-Theta (ridge xings)
ALL VENDORS MATCHED ON MINUTIAE

6. CONSIDERATIONS Manufacturers Scanning Parameters Minutiae Metrics
Cogent
Lockheed Martin
NEC
Printrak
Sagem
Tracker
Eureka
Sonda
Papallone7
Founder Group
Scanning Parameters
Resolution
Grayscale
Scan Order
Minutiae Metrics
X/Y Location Units
Angle Units
Measurement Direction
Origin
Neighboring Minutiae
Quality/Type

7. NIST DEVELOPED STANDARDS USING THE CANVASS METHOD
Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint Information
ANSI/NBS-ICST Minutiae-Based
ANSI/NIST-CSL Image-Based
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a Facial & SMT
ANSI/NIST-ITL Higher Resolution

8. Law Enforcement Community FBI, Federal, State, Local
RELATIONSHIPS
ANSI
NIST
ISO
Law Enforcement Community
FBI, Federal, State, Local
Users
Vendors
Consultants

9. MINUTIAE STANDARD ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986
Workshop held in 1985
Canvassee method - 43 organizations
Primarily minutiae-based
Four types of records defined
Transaction / descriptor information
Minutiae data
Low-resolution & High-resolution Image data
Pixel offset between the minutiae and image data

10. IMAGE STANDARD ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993
NIST sponsored 3 workshops (90-92)
Addressed resolution/quantization quality issues
Two grayscale and two binary image records
Up to 14 images using WSQ at 15:1
Retained the 1986 minutiae record for latent exchanges
Approved by ANSI on 11/22/93
Img records recorded as binary fields
14 images: 10 rolled four slap or plain
describe difference between
rolled
slap/plain/flat
latent
two signature records : subject and officer

11. MUGSHOT ADDENDUM ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997
IDENTIFIED NEED TO EXPAND STANDARD TO ACCOMMODATE IMAGES OF SUBJECT PHOTOS, SCARS, MARKS, & TATTOOS (SMT)
NIST CONVENED WORKSHOP ON MUGSHOT STANDARDS (OCTOBER 1995)
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997 for MUGSHOTS SCARS MARKS & TATTOOS (SMT) DEVELOPED
DB images full /face
Profiles & full faces
Type-10 record for Mugshots/SMT
Tagged Field approach with ascii text and binary image data

12. IMAGE STANDARD ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000
Sept 22-24, Workshop Held at NIST
180 Participants
10 Countries
35 Companies
9 Federal Agencies; 24 State; 11 Local
Main Features
Provision for Higher Scan Resolution (1000ppi)
Palm , Rolled, Latent Images
Greater Emphasis on Latent Minutiae Data
Approved by ANSI July 27, 2000

13. FINAL CANVASSEE DISTRIBUTION

14. User Canvassee Distribution

15. IMPACT Descriptive Textual Data Minutiae/Feature Data Image Data
FBI’s EFTS used to exchange personal identification, rap sheet, & other demographic information
The UK & Interpol have developed implementations of the ANSI/NIST-CSL standard.
Minutiae/Feature Data
Development of a practical method for “lights-out”
searching of latent images.
Image Data
Specifications for capturing and formatting fingerprint, palmprint, and other information
Compressed fingerprint images exchanged conform to the WSQ specification at 15:1 factor.

16. STANDARD REFERENCE DATABASES
NIST Special Database 4: Fingerprint 2000 Pairs
NIST Special Database 9: Fingerprint Pairs
NIST Special Database 10: Fingerprint 5500 Images
NIST Special Database 14: Fingerprint Pairs WSQ
NIST Special Database 24: Live-Scan Digital Video
NIST Special Database 27: Latent & Rolled 258 cases
NIST Special Database 29: Flat & Rolled Cards (500 ppi)
NIST Special Database 30: Flat & Rolled Cards (1K ppi)

17. THE FUTURE The Patriot Act PL 107-56 Role of developed standards
Role of available databases

18. PL 107-56 SEC. 1008 FEASIBILITY STUDY
The Attorney General shall conduct a study on the feasibility of utilizing a biometric identifier (fingerprint) scanning system, with access to the database of the FBI’s IAFIS, to identify aliens who may be wanted in connection with criminal or terrorist investigations prior to the issuance of visas or entry into the United States.
REPORT TO CONGRESS- Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit a report to Committees in the House and Senate. Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.

19. PL SEC. 403 c) S. 1749
The Attorney General and the Secretary of State jointly, through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ….shall develop and certify a technology standard that can be used to verify the identity of persons applying for a US visa or such persons seeking to enter the US pursuant to a visa for the purposes of conducting background checks, confirming identity, and ensuring that a person has not received a visa under a different name…..

20. Use of Biometrics
Use of SD 14 to certify biometric technology standard
Tenprint submission to the FBI for establishing lack of criminal record
ANSI/NIST-ITL for exchange of images/minutiae
Onsite verification using single finger biometric
Use of SD 29 to establish performance accuracy of flats against rolls
Onsite verification using face recognition
Verified using FRVT 2000 Type tests

21. Condensed Time Schedule
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
Daubert Requirements
The test must be performed using an accepted scientific methodology
The test must have a measurable error rate
Condensed Time Schedule
One year to certify a technology standard
In 6 months report to Congress describing development and implementation of the standard and the electronic database system

22. Contact