1. Mineral Groups Section 5.4

2. Which Elements Make up the Earth’s crust? the top 8

3. How can it be that… #1 element in Earth’s crust is OXYGEN (a gas) and #2 element in Earth’s crust is SILICON (a metalloid) And Earth’s crust is SOLID ? The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO 4 ) - ion

4. The largest group of minerals (90% of all rock forming minerals are silicates!) Feldspar (K,Ca,Na)AlSi 3 O 8 Quartz, SiO 2 silica sand Silicates Group

5. The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO 4 ) - ion Combines with many + ions in many ways to form many different silicate minerals.

6. Silicates are divided by color Ferromagnesium Iron or magnesium metal Non-ferromagnesium Does NOT contain iron or magnesium

7. Other Silicates Olivine (Mg, Fe) 2 SiO 4 ZirconZrSiO 4 TopazAl 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2 Beryl (emerald) Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 Mica KAl 2 (AlSi 3 )O 10 (OH) 2 K Feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 Talc Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2

8. Other mineral groups The CARBONATES Calcium carbonateCaCO 3 Calcite is pure calcium carbonate Limestone Dolomite Fizzes in acid

9. Halides Halides contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine F, Cl, Br, I Common examples include salt (halite) NaCl fluorite (our state mineral) CaF 2

10. Oxides Oxide minerals are made up of oxygen and one or more metals. Hematite: is an iron oxide, of Fe 2 O 3 –Hematite is used in pigments and as an iron ore. Limonite, another iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3 (nH 2 O) Hematite Fe 2 O 3 Fe 3 O 4

11. Sulfides Sulfide minerals contain sulfur and a metal Pyrite: iron and sulfur FeS 2 –It is used in sulfuric acid, explosives, fertilizers and insecticides. Galena: lead and sulfur PbS –It is used in auto batteries, solder, ammunition, and paint.

12. Sulfates Sulfate minerals contain sulfur and oxygen (SO 4 ) combined with other elements. Common sulfate minerals include: gypsum CaSO 4 used in drywall and plaster of paris barite BaSO 4 used in paint, paper and textiles

13. Native Minerals

14. MineralGroup Specific gravity High or low IF a silicate, Ferromagnesian or Non-ferromagnesian 1. CaCO 3 2. Cu 2 O 3. FeCO 3 4. Al 2 O 3 5. SiO 2 6. PbS 7. FeO 2 8. (Mg) 2 SiO 4 9. CaSO 4 10. BaSO 4 11. CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 12. Fe 3 O 4

15. Bell work: (a.k.a.) the week in review 1.List 3 properties to identify minerals: 2.90% of minerals contain this compund? name this molecule 3. What is this mineral? 4. What’s the most abundant element in the earth’s crust? 5. How does cooling rate determine crystal SIZE?

16. 5-4-3-2-1 Home work! List the 5 characteristics of a mineral Describe 4 factors and how they effect crystal size Describe 3 ways that mineral form Diagram 2 polymorph forms of carbon Name the 1 most abundant mineral group in the earth’s crust