1. Railroads

2. Railroads
Railroads increased the amount of steel being used in two ways-
1st: The railroads used steel for their rails
2nd: Railroads made it much easier to transport large quantities of the natural resources needed to produce steel (iron, coal), which increased the demand for those products

3. How were Steel & Rail Industries Connected?

4. Railroads
Railroads also reshaped the steel industry (and many others) by developing vertical integration
Railroad owners bought iron mills, coal mines, and factories which produced railroad cars
Railroads helped to spur the “Gilded Age”

5. Railroads
In 1862 Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act which helped create the transcontinental railroad
The railroad connected the east coast to the west coast, opening up settlement in the west
Much of the western portions of the railroad was built by Chinese laborers, specifically brought to the US to work on the railroad

6. Why was Chinese Labor Used to Build Rail Lines?

7. Transcontinental Railroad
Transcontinental railroad helped spur growth by:
increasing the number of markets (places to sell products)
requiring enormous amount raw and finished materials to build and supply the railroad
providing land for settlement

8. John D. Rockefeller Founded Standard Oil Company in 1870
To remove competition, Standard Oil bought up oil refineries, so that by 1880 they owned 90% of the refineries in the US, forming a monopoly
To avoid violating state laws against horizontal integration, Standard Oil formed a trust, a way of merging and controlling other companies

9. John D. Rockefeller
Horizontal Integration is when many competing companies are bought up and turned into one large company
Standard Oil was broken up by the government in 1911 for being a monopoly
Rockefeller was also a philanthropist, supporting colleges such as Spellman

10. Explain Horizontal Integration
Any Takers?...
Bobby or Evan, help us understand this concept better.

11. Thomas Edison
Invented the phonograph, light bulb, and the motion picture all in the late 1800s
Created a research lab to develop and perfect his inventions
How would these inventions have an impact on society?

12. Railroads

13. Railroads
Railroads increased the amount of steel being used in two ways-
1st: The railroads used steel for their rails
2nd: Railroads made it much easier to transport large quantities of the natural resources needed to produce steel (iron, coal), which increased the demand for those products

14. How were Steel & Rail Industries Connected?

15. Railroads
Railroads also reshaped the steel industry (and many others) by developing vertical integration
Railroad owners bought iron mills, coal mines, and factories which produced railroad cars
Railroads helped to spur the “Gilded Age”

16. Railroads
In 1862 Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act which helped create the transcontinental railroad
The railroad connected the east coast to the west coast, opening up settlement in the west
Much of the western portions of the railroad was built by Chinese laborers, specifically brought to the US to work on the railroad

17. Why was Chinese Labor Used to Build Rail Lines?

18. Transcontinental Railroad
Transcontinental railroad helped spur growth by:
increasing the number of markets (places to sell products)
requiring enormous amount raw and finished materials to build and supply the railroad
providing land for settlement

19. John D. Rockefeller Founded Standard Oil Company in 1870
To remove competition, Standard Oil bought up oil refineries, so that by 1880 they owned 90% of the refineries in the US, forming a monopoly
To avoid violating state laws against horizontal integration, Standard Oil formed a trust, a way of merging and controlling other companies

20. John D. Rockefeller
Horizontal Integration is when many competing companies are bought up and turned into one large company
Standard Oil was broken up by the government in 1911 for being a monopoly
Rockefeller was also a philanthropist, supporting colleges such as Spellman

21. Explain Horizontal Integration
Any Takers?...
Bobby or Evan, help us understand this concept better.

22. Thomas Edison
Invented the phonograph, light bulb, and the motion picture all in the late 1800s
Created a research lab to develop and perfect his inventions
How would these inventions have an impact on society?