3. Deborah Gilden, Ph.D. Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute

4. Deborah Gilden, Ph.D. Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute

5. The Blind Population is Changing: More blind seniors – Additional disabilities – Health problems –Unlikely to learn braille – Becoming technology savvy More technology available to help More technology to act as a barrier More blind seniors – Additional disabilities – Health problems –Unlikely to learn braille – Becoming technology savvy More technology available to help More technology to act as a barrier

6. THE FUTURE: Micro Chips implanted in the retina

7. THE FUTURE: Micro Chips implanted in the retina

9. Sensory Substitution With auditory Replace visual information... And/or tactile information

10. Auditory output –Tones –Speech B r a I l l e B r a I l l e Tactile displays –Braille –Other raised dot or raised line patterns  Vibrate  Enhanced contrast through color & lighting for low vision Custom Design

11. “Sensory Aids” for Blind, Visually Impaired, and Deaf-Blind Vocation Activities of Daily Living Orientation and Mobility Education Medical Needs Recreation            

13. Assessing Vision Beyond the Snellen Chart

14. (Smith-Kettlewell Institute Low Luminance/Low Contrast) S K I L L CARD

15. Low Vision

17. Enhance Contrast Contrast

18. Enhance Contrast

19. Accessing Visual Text 1. Fax Reader 2. LCD Reader

20. Fax Reader or OCR ? Frozen Chicken

21. Fax Reader or OCR Frozen Chicken

22. Display Reader reads Liquid Crystal Displays :30 Thirty seconds

23. Access to Graphics and Text Lables Full Page Braille Display KnowWare™

24. Traditional Raised Line Graphics Difficult and expensive to make Space hog Poor resolution Static Difficult to use Unavailable

25. Make Graphics With Braille? Is expensive Displays are only 20 characters wide Why not use computer-generated, moveable braille dots* to make simple tactile graphics? * Known as mechanical braille, refreshable braille, and volatile braille

30. :30 Refreshable braille labels Thirty sec * *t hirty sec

31. :30 Refreshable braille labels Thirty sec * *t hirty sec

33. At first, computer technology appeared to open a door for blind people...

38. Overhead Camera Virtual map

39. California! Overhead Camera Virtual map

40. Orientation and Mobility Talking Signs Talking ATM Remote Slighted Guide

41. Lake Woods Shopping Receiver Lake Talking Signs Transmitter

42. Talking ATM Press the upper right-hand button to make a deposit. Press the upper right-hand button to make a deposit.

43. Remote Sighted Guide

44. Webster Clay I wonder where I am...

45. Webster Clay I wonder where I am...

46. Webster Clay Hello Jane. Where am I?

47. Webster Clay You are at Clay and Webster, Dick

48. Intelligent Computer Vision

49. For detecting and reading outdoor signs –Street names –Store names –Informational signs Identify objects (e.g. mail box, obstacles you can trip over) Portable (“hands free”) Affordable

50. Webster Clay I wonder where I am...

51. I wonder where I am... Webster Clay Clay and Webster

52. Clay Tricycle

53. Technology for Deaf-blind Dexter, the Robotic Fingerspelling Hand Vibro-tactile Medication Reminder

54. Manual Alphabet for the Deaf and Deaf- blind A b c d e f g h I j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

55. Letters typed on a computer are formed by “Dexter” Letters typed on a computer are formed by “Dexter” L

56. L

57. Medication Reminder for Deaf-blind

58. Deaf-blind people need special technology to know when to take medications Need to be able to set the time and alarm times without vision  Tactile (on an analog clock) Need to be able to detect alarm signal without vision or hearing  Vibration

59. Deaf-blindMedicationReminder

60. Push Switch to set alarm Alarm Stop (clock mode) Program Switch (program mode) Magnets Hinge Hall IC AM/PM RS-232C Hinge Switch to open door to set alarm Winding Stem Deaf-blindMedicationReminder

61. Program will recycle