1. Wide Area Protection (WAP) for a Major Load Center using a Fast Load Shedding Scheme By Victor Wong General Manager, Power Transmission Sarawak Energy Berhad Presented at PQ Synergy 2010, Bangkok

2. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 2 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Introduction Concept of WAP WAP Architecture Dynamic Simulation Performance of WAP Conclusion Outline

3. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 3 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 1. INTRODUCTION

4. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 4 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Sarawak State Transmission Grid Grid System Demand : 1040MW Installed Capacity : 1233MW 275kV Line : 767 km (94MW hydro) (210MW coal) (78MW diesel) (270MW coal) (506MW gas) (75MW gas)

5. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 5 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. SELANGAU 275 kV BINTULU 275kV ENGKILILI 275 kV KEM KEMENA 275kV ~ Kuching Load 450MW ~ MAMBONG 275kV OYA 275kV ~ Sibu Load 125MW Bintulu Load 60MW Smelter Load 100MW Engkilili Load 19MW Sarikei Load 29MW KCH P/S SPC Coal Gen =210MW TAR Diesel Gen =78MW BAT Hydro AI P/S BAI Gen =94MW Bintulu Gas P/S Bin Gen=506MW ~ Mukah Coal P/S MPG Gen=270MW MTD 132kV PMB 132kV Mukah Load 20MW ~ Tudan 275kV Miri Gas P/S Miri Gen=75MW Miri Load 135MW 230MW250MW220MW335MW185MW55MW Bintulu Load 45MW Sarawak 275 kV Grid System – Typical power flow

6. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 6 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. UFLS is not effective in mitigating double circuit tripping for Sarawak power system ( 9th August 2008 Event )( 9th August 2008 Event ) Wide Area Protection (WAP) aka System Protection Scheme (SPS)] designed & implemented to supplement the existing UFLS to mitigate against double circuit tripped contingency UFLS To Mitigate Double Circuit Tripped Contingency

7. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 7 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 9 th August 2008 incident Loss of both circuit Selangau-Kemena lines

8. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 8 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 2. CONCEPT OF WIDE AREA PROTECTION (WAP)

9. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 9 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Concept OF WAP Objective of WAP deployment in Sarawak power system Safeguard Kuching power system Automatic corrective measures Loss of double circuit sections Mambong-Engkilili-Oya-Selangau-Kemena-Bintulu WAP system ACQUIRE generation and load information COMPUTE quantum of loads needed to be shed for a set of pre- defined contingent events DETECT the inception of the contingent event with sensors located strategically in the power system TRIP command to shed loads within 150ms + CB opening time

10. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 10 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. SELANGAU DATA ACQUISITION UNIT (DAW) AT OYA & SELANGAU BINTULU CB STATUS ENGKILILI KUCHING SYSTEM KEM KEMENA SDC 33/11kV feeders CB OPENED ARMING SIGNAL (BASED ON PRE-DETERMINED LOAD SHEDDING TABLE) ~ ~ WAN WIDE AREA NETWORK Monitor & Control Workstation (MCW) with fail-over facility MAMBONG Substation A System Info. Collection MW,MVAR,MWH,V,Freq MCW ~ BINTULU SYSTEM DAW UR F35 UR F35 Relay OYA Substation BSubstation CSubstation D Trip Signal Concept OF WAP

11. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 11 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 3. WAP ARCHITECTURE

12. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 12 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. SELANGAU BINTULU ENGKILILI KEM KEMENA ~ ~ MAMBONG OYA ~ ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 ZONE 4ZONE 5 1. Zone 1 : Mambong – Detect Engkilili-Mambong Double Circuit Tripping 2. Zone 2 : Engkilili – Detect Engkilili-Kemantan-Oya Double Circuit Tripping 3. Zone 3 : Oya – Detect Oya-Selangau Double Circuit Tripping 4. Zone 4 : Selangau – Detect Selangau-Kemena Double Circuit Tripping 5. Zone 5 : Kemena – Detect Kemena-Bintulu Double Circuit Tripping ~ WAP ARCHITECTURE

13. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 13 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Setup of the Wide Area Protection System

14. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 14 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Main Control Workstation (MCW) Collect the data i.e MW, MAVR, frequency, CB Status, MWH and voltage from all 35 DAWs. Perform data conversion from data collected and stores the data at its internal process database (PDB). Send selected data to historian server for data archival and to client HMI for operator display. Perform deficit calculation on 3 minutes interval to update WAP load shedding table for each zones. Send out arming or disarming signal to all affected feeders. Disable or enable WAP scheme

15. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 15 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Data Acquisition Unit (DAW) Collects and stores WAP related data from protection relays and energy meters in real time using Modbus protocol Sends the data upon request by the MCW Receives arming information, selection criteria, and zone status from MCW and stores them in the internal table every 3 minutes Monitors IEC 61850 GOOSE messages for double-circuit tripped status originating from EHV substations Performs logic operations based on the arming table and predefined WAP logic scheme Send tripping signal to protection relay to execute tripping EHV substations DAW receives 275kV double circuit lines CB status (IEC 61850 GOOSE messages) from protection relays and relays them to the other substations

16. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 16 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Operator display Local control request/completed notification Low WAP margin Low WAP selection Double-circuit tripping detection Automatic failover WAP faulty Communication error at any of the substations Disable or enable WAP scheme Remove or add in substations/feeders from load shedding table

17. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 17 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

18. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 18 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

19. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 19 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

20. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 20 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

21. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 21 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

22. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 22 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

23. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 23 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

24. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 24 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 4. DYNAMIC SIMULATION

25. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 25 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Dynamic Simulation

26. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 26 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Dynamic Simulation

27. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 27 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 4. PERFORMANCE OF WAP

28. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 28 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Performance Of WAP on 31 st October 2009 WAP Zone Operated = OYA Power import @ Oya= 290MW Oya-Selangau double-circuit tripped Islanded Kuching power system Load demand = 462MW Local generation = 172MW System frequency dip to 48.84Hz recovered steadily to 50.66Hz. Load shedded by WAP Oya Zone 310MW 138 feeders average WAP operating time : 108.65 ms + CB operating time WAP deployed successfully to save Kuching power system from collapse

29. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 29 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Table 1 : Summary of SPS Performance IncidentMW Loss Amount of Load Shed By SPS Total feeders shed by SPS Freq (Hz) Dip Post Steady State Freq (Hz) OYA-SLG Lines double circuit tripping 290MW310.1MW13848.8550.66 Table 2 : SPS Operating Time (excluding CB opening time) WAP Performance on 31 October 2009 Incident Oya-Selangau Double Circuit Tripping

30. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 30 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission.

31. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 31 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. 6. CONCLUSION

32. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 32 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Conclusion WAP scheme operation was validated Significantly enhance Kuching power system supply security Allows greater flexibility in system operation Allows more economic generation dispatch

33. SEB Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015Saturday, 23 May 2015 Slide No. 33 Private and Confidential Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission. Thank You Any Question?