1. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions 1 Naomi Radke, seecon international GmbH

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3. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Contents 1. Why to Bundle and Unbundle Functions 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Function 2.1 Make a Stakeholder Analysis 2.2 Create a Stakeholder Platform 2.3 Identify Actual Functions 2.4 Identify Actors’ Capacities 2.5 Propose Future Functions 2.6 Implementation 3. Applicability 4. Advantages and Disadvantages 5. References 3

4. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Bundle and unbundle functions = A clear definition of roles and responsibilities within organisations/institutions Crucial for implementation of SSWM on the local level Decreases overlapping of roles and therefore increases project efficiency Conflicts might appear between different stakeholders 4 1. Why to Bundle and Unbundle Functions Source: http://de.123rf.com/photo_14135218_asian-business- frau-schriftlich-organigramm-f-r-personalmanagement- konzept.html [Accessed: 11.10.2013]http://de.123rf.com/photo_14135218_asian-business- frau-schriftlich-organigramm-f-r-personalmanagement- konzept.html

5. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Who does what? Separation between public and private functions Relationship between central and local governments Allocation of functions among municipalities with different capacities Function of civil society and private sector 5 1. Why to Bundle and Unbundle Functions Too many cooks spoil the broth, if their functions and responsibilities are not clearly defined. Source: WSP (2009)

6. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 1. Make a stakeholder analysis (1/3) Identify (key)stakeholders whose: Interests are affected by an issue or project Activities strongly affect an issue or project Power, money, technical expertise or organisational profile gives control over relevant implementation instruments Information, resources, experience or expertise is required for strategy or policy-making on an issue 6 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions

7. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 1. Make a stakeholder analysis (2/3) Three broad groupings need to be involved in water and sanitation: 1.Main social groups (men, women, poorer, better-off) who have the right to water and sanitation 2.Main water-user groups (farmers, domestic and industrial users, etc.) 3.Main institutional stakeholders (private sector water and sanitation providers, local NGO’s/CBO’s, local governments and politicians, legal representatives and enforcement bodies) 7 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions

8. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 1. Make a stakeholder analysis (3/3) Make a diagram of all stakeholders and connections 8 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions Stakeholders and their connections to each other should be identified. Source: Moriarity et al. (2007)

9. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 2. Create a stakeholder platform Invite all relevant stakeholders (representatives of each group) to a platform to discuss the question of the Allocation of sanitation and water management functions! 9 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions A stakeholder platform. Source: http://www.lima- water.de/en/pp5.html [Accessed 02.10.2013]

10. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 3. Identify actual functions (1/2) With a stakeholder platform: Differentiate functions one actually holds and functions one thinks one holds Note overlaps/lead to confusion or conflict  use an “actors and task matrix” to fill out actors and their key roles/tasks and identify overlaps 10 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions Overlaps and gaps of tasks need to be identified for the bundling and unbundling of sanitation and water management functions. Source: WSP (2003)

11. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 3. Identify actual functions (2/2) Some guiding questions: Which tasks/ functions are performed by which actors? What activities do the actors carry out in performing these tasks? How effective are they? What gaps are there between tasks? What overlaps are there between different actors/ tasks? Is there a coordinated effort by actors to integrate their tasks? What factors within the system have a positive or negative influence on task performance? What information is held by which stakeholders that helps them to perform their tasks? Is it shared? If so, how? 11 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions

12. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 4. Identify actors’ capacities Identify: Capacities Weaknesses Resources Summarise outcomes on flip charts, mind maps or the like. 12 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions Identify capacities and weaknesses. Source: http://coreytowe.wordpress.com/2011/08/10/leading- from-your-strengths-part-1/ [Accessed: 02.10.2013]

13. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 5. Propose future functions (1/2) Key questions: Do the proposed functions fall within the scope of the current activities of the actors? Does a relative consensus exist concerning the need to intervene and the need to carry out the interventions proposed by the team and the participating actors? Do the relevant key actors see the functions as being in their interest? Whose perceived interests might be negatively affected by the new allocation of functions? 13 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions

14. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 5. Propose future functions (2/2) Key questions (continued): Whose perceived interests might be negatively affected by the new allocation of functions? Which of the key actors share a need for the perceived interventions? If they work alone, could they make changes? Do the relevant key actors have the resources needed to implement the proposed interventions (financial, human, knowledge base, leadership, organisational capacities)? Which of the key actors has actually expressed willingness to implement some or all of the proposed interventions? 14 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions

15. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 6. Implementation Monitoring the function allocation helps to find out about upcoming uncertainties early! 15 2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions Source: Clipart

16. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info A very wide applicability,...... as it is always helpful to avoid overlaps and gaps of functions and responsibilities! 16 3. Applicability

17. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 17 4. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages: Clear definition of functions Avoiding inefficiency and conflict Heightens transparency Better use of expertise Includes capacities of each stakeholder Disadvantages: A stakeholder platform is necessary to find out about optimal function allocation The discussion of functions and responsibilities might lead to conflicts

18. Bundling and Unbundling of Functions Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info WSP (Editor) (2009): Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth. URL: http://www.wsp.org/about/Cartoon%20Calendars/2009%20Calendar [Accessed: 11.01.2010] http://www.wsp.org/about/Cartoon%20Calendars/2009%20Calendar MORIARTY, P.; BATCHELOR, C.; ABD-ALHADI, F.; LABAN, P.; FAHMY, H.; INWRDAM (Editor) (2007): The EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Guidelines, Methods and Tools. pdf presentation. Amman, Jordan: Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM). URL: http://www.project.empowers.info/page/2850 [Accessed: 02.10.2013]http://www.project.empowers.info/page/2850 WSP (Editor) (2003): Gap of Responsibilities. URL: http://www.wsp.org/about/Cartoon%20Calendars/2003%20Calendar [Accessed: 02.10.2013] http://www.wsp.org/about/Cartoon%20Calendars/2003%20Calendar 18 5. References

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